مسند الإمام الشافعي
Musnad Imam Shafi'i
كتاب الأسر والفداء وضرب الجزية وأخذهاChapter 31
بَابُ أَخْذِ الْجِزْيَةِ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ
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Hadith 1773
أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ذَكَرَ الْمَجُوسَ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: أَشْهَدُ لَسَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: "سُنُّوا بِهِمْ سُنَّةَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ" .
Ja'far bin Muhammad narrated from his father that Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned the Magians and said: "I do not know what to do regarding their matter." So Abdur Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "I bear witness that I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: Treat them in the same way as you treat the People of the Book."
Hadith 1774
أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، سَمِعَ بَجَالَةَ يَقُولُ: لَمْ يَكُنْ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَخَذَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ حَتَّى شَهِدَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخَذَهَا مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ.
Bajalah (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) did not take jizyah from the Magians until Abdur Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) testified that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had taken jizyah from the Magians of Hajar.
Hadith 1775
أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدٍ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، عَنْ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ: عَلَامَ تُؤْخَذُ الْجِزْيَةُ مِنَ الْمَجُوسِ، وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ كِتَابٍ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدُ، فَأَخَذَ بِلَبَّتِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، تَطْعَنُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعَلِيٍّ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، يَعْنِي: عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ، وَقَدْ أَخَذُوا مِنْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ، فَذَهَبَ بِهِ إِلَى الْقَصْرِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: اتَّئِدَا، فَجَلَسَا فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَجُوسِ، كَانَ لَهُمْ عِلْمٌ يَعْلَمُونَهُ، وَكِتَابٌ يَدْرُسُونَهُ، وَإِنَّ مَلِكَهُمْ سَكِرَ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ أَوْ أُخْتِهِ، فَاطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا صَحَا جَاءُوا يُقِيمُونَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمْ فَدَعَا أَهْلَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: تَعْلَمُونَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دِينِ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، قَدْ كَانَ آدَمُ يُنْكِحُ بَنِيهِ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ فَأَنَا عَلَى دِينِ آدَمَ، مَا يَرْغَبُ بِكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ، فَتَابَعُوهُ وَقَاتَلُوا الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ، حَتَّى قَتَلُوهُمْ فَأَصْبَحُوا وَقَدْ أُسْرِيَ عَلَى كِتَابِهِمْ، فَرُفِعَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَذَهَبَ الْعِلْمُ الَّذِي فِي صُدُورِهِمْ وَهُمْ أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا الْجِزْيَةَ. أَخْرَجَ الْأَوَّلَ مِنْ كِتَابِ الْجِزْيَةِ، وَالثَّانِيَ وَالثَّالِثَ مِنَ الْجُزْءِ الثَّانِي مِنَ اخْتِلَافِ الْحَدِيثِ.
Nasr bin Asim narrated that Farwah bin Nawfal Ashja'i said: "Why is jizyah taken from the Magians? They are not People of the Book." (Upon hearing this) Mustawrid stood up towards him, grabbed him by the collar, and said: "O enemy of Allah! Are you now criticizing Abu Bakr, Umar, and the Commander of the Faithful (i.e., Ali, may Allah be pleased with them), while they took jizyah from them (the Magians)?" Then he took him towards the palace (of the caliphate), and Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came out and said: "Both of you, be gentle." So they both sat in the shade of the palace. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I am the most knowledgeable among the people regarding the Magians. They had knowledge which they knew, and a book which they used to read. (It happened that) their king became drunk and committed adultery with his daughter or his sister. Some of the prominent people of his kingdom found out about this. When he woke up and the people came to carry out the prescribed punishment on him, he stopped them and called the prominent people of his kingdom and said: Do you know of any religion better than the religion of Adam (peace be upon him)? Adam (peace be upon him) used to marry his sons to his daughters, and I am (also) upon the religion of Adam (peace be upon him). Why do you distance yourselves from his religion? Then those people followed him and fought against their opponents until they killed them. Then their situation became such that guards were placed over their book. Then it was taken away from them, and knowledge was removed from their hearts, and they are among the People of the Book. And from them, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Abu Bakr, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) took jizyah."
