مسند الإمام الشافعي
Musnad Imam Shafi'i
كتاب القتل والقصاص والديات والقسامةChapter 27
بَابُ التَّخْيِيرِ فِي الْعَقْلِ وَالْقَوَدِ
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Hadith 1630
أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: "مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيرَتَيْنِ، إِنْ أَحَبُّوا لَهُمُ الْعَقْلُ، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا فَلَهُمُ الْقَوَدُ" .
It is narrated from Abu Shurayh Ka'bi (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If someone’s relative is killed, then his heirs have two options. If they wish, they may take blood money, and if they wish, they may take retribution (qisas)."
Hadith 1631
أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ أَوْ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ.
Through another chain of narration, a similar or equivalent narration to the previous hadith is also reported from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (ﷺ).
Hadith 1632
أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ: مَنْ قُتِلَ لَهُ قَتِيلٌ فَهُوَ بِخَيْرِ النَّظَرَيْنِ: إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَخَذَ الْعَقْلَ، وَإِنْ أَحَبَّ فَلَهُ الْقَوَدُ . فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: فَقُلْتُ لِابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ: أَتَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا يَا أَبَا الْحَارِثِ؟ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي، وَصَاحَ عَلَيَّ صِيَاحًا كَثِيرًا وَنَالَ مِنِّي، وَقَالَ: أُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَقُولُ: تَأْخُذُ بِهِ. نَعَمْ، آخُذُ بِهِ وَذَلِكَ الْفَرْضُ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى مَنْ سَمِعَهُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ اخْتَارَ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَهَدَاهُمْ بِهِ، عَلَى يَدَيْهِ وَاخْتَارَ لَهُمْ مَا اخْتَارَ لَهُ، عَلَى لِسَانِهِ فَعَلَى الْخَلْقِ أَنْ يَتَّبِعُوهُ طَائِعِينَ أَوْ دَاخِرِينَ، لَا مَخْرَجَ لِمُسْلِمٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَمَا سَكَتَ عَنِّي حَتَّى تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ يَسْكُتَ.
It is narrated from Abu Shurayh Ka’bi (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said in the year of the conquest of Makkah: “Whoever has a relative killed, he has two options: if he wishes, he may take blood money, and if he wishes, then retribution (qisas) is for him.” Abu Hanifah said: I said to Ibn Abi Dhi’b: O Abu al-Harith! Will you accept this hadith? (i.e., will you act upon it?) Ibn Abi Dhi’b struck my chest, raised his voice at me, insulted me, and said: I narrate to you the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and you say, ‘Will you accept it?’ Yes! I will accept it, and it is obligatory upon me and upon everyone who hears this hadith. Indeed, Allah Almighty chose Muhammad (ﷺ) from among the people and guided people through him, and He chose for the people the same religion that He chose for him (ﷺ). Therefore, it is obligatory upon the creation to follow him (ﷺ) in every circumstance, for a Muslim has no other option. Abu Hanifah said: He did not stop saying these things to me until I wished he would become silent.
Hadith 1633
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسُ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ بِهَا دَمًا وَلَا يَعْضُدَ بِهَا شَجَرًا، فَإِنِ ارْتَخَصَ أَحَدٌ، فَقَالَ: أُحِلَّتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَحَلَّهَا لِي وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهَا لِلنَّاسِ، وَإِنَّمَا أُحِلَّتْ لِي سَاعَةً مِنَ النَّهَارِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ، ثُمَّ أَنْتُمْ يَا خُزَاعَةُ قَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ هَذَا الْقَتِيلَ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ، وَأَنَا وَاللَّهِ عَاقِلُهُ. مَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَهُ قَتِيلًا فَأَهْلُهُ بَيْنَ خِيرَتَيْنِ؛ إِنْ أَحَبُّوا قَتَلُوا، وَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَخَذُوا الْعَقْلَ .
It is narrated from Abu Shurayh Ka‘bi (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Indeed, Allah has made Makkah a sacred city; it was not made sacred by the people. It is not permissible for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day to shed blood therein, nor to cut down any of its trees. And if anyone seeks a concession for himself, then say (to him): This was made lawful for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), because Allah made it lawful for me, and not for the people, and even for me it was made lawful only for a short part of the day. Then it returned to being sacred as it was yesterday. O people of Khuza‘ah! Surely you have killed a man from the tribe of Hudhayl, and by Allah, I will pay his blood money. And whoever kills someone after this, his heirs have two options: if they wish, they may kill (in retaliation), and if they wish, they may accept blood money.”
Hadith 1634
أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ، عَنْ مُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَخَذْتُ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرَ عَنْ نَفَرٍ حَفِظَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْهُمْ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَالْحَسَنُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 178] الْآيَةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ عَلَى أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَنْ يُقَادَ بِهَا، وَلَا يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ. وَفُرِضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِنْجِيلِ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْهُ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ وَرُخِّصَ لِأُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الدِّيَةَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 178] . يَقُولُ: الدِّيَةُ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى إِذْ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 178] . وَقَالَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 179] يَنْتَهِي بِهَا بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ.
Muqatil narrated that I took this interpretation from a group of memorizers, among whom were Mu’adh, Mujahid, Hasan, and Dahhak bin Muzahim. Regarding Allah Almighty’s statement, “Whoever is pardoned by his brother,” (al-Baqarah: 178), it is said that for the people of the Torah, retribution (qisas) was obligatory for anyone who killed unjustly; they were neither permitted to pardon nor to accept blood money (diyah). For the people of the Gospel, pardoning was obligatory; they could not kill in retribution. And for the Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), a concession was given: if they wish, they may kill (in retribution), if they wish, they may accept blood money, and if they wish, they may pardon. And this is the meaning of Allah’s statement: “This is a concession and mercy from your Lord.” They say that blood money is a concession from Allah Almighty; when blood money is accepted, then killing will not take place. Then He said: “And whoever transgresses after that, for him is a painful punishment.” And regarding Allah’s statement: “In retribution there is life for you,” it is said that because of the fear of being killed in retribution, you refrain from killing one another.
Hadith 1635
أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُجَاهِدًا يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الدِّيَةُ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لِهَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ: كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ [ ص: 304 ] وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 178] ، مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ، فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 178] . أَخْرَجَ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ مِنْ كِتَابِ الدِّيَاتِ وَالْقِصَاصِ وَالثَّالِثَ مِنْ كِتَابِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَإِلَى آخِرِ السَّادِسِ مِنْ كِتَابِ جِرَاحِ الْعَمْدِ.
Mujahid says: I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) saying that retribution (qisas) was obligatory upon the Children of Israel and there was no blood money (diyah) among them. So Allah Almighty prescribed this ruling for this Ummah: "Retribution for the slain has been made obligatory upon you: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, the woman for the woman. But if any remission is made to one by his brother, then let there be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is a concession and mercy from your Lord." This is in contrast to what was made obligatory upon those before you. "But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment." (__QUR_N__ al-Baqarah: 178)
