مسند الإمام الشافعي
Musnad Imam Shafi'i
كتاب النكاحChapter 14
بَابُ بُطْلَانِ النِّكَاحِ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ وَرَدِّهِ
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Hadith 1139
أَخْبَرَنَا الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ [ ص: 44 ] قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ ثَلَاثًا" .
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates from the Prophet ﷺ that he ﷺ said: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid." He ﷺ repeated these words three times.
Hadith 1140
أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ ثَلَاثًا، وَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، وَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ" .
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates from the Prophet (ﷺ) that he said: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. If the man has intercourse with her, he must pay the dowry, because he has made her private parts lawful in exchange for it. If the guardians disagree among themselves, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian."
Hadith 1141
أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ: نَكَحَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ، يُقَالُ لَهَا: بِنْتُ أَبِي ثُمَامَةَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُضَرِّسٍ، فَكَتَبَ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ الْعُتْوَارِيُّ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، إِذْ هُوَ وَالِي الْمَدِينَةِ: إِنِّي وَلِيُّهَا وَإِنَّهَا نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِي فَرَدَّهُ عُمَرُ وَقَدْ أَصَابَهَا قَالَ: فَأَيُّ امْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَلَا نِكَاحَ لَهَا، لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ، وَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا صَدَاقُ مِثْلِهَا بِمَا أَصَابَ مِنْهَا بِمَا قَضَى لَهَا بِهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ.
Amr bin Dinar (may Allah have mercy on him) says that a woman from Banu Bakr bin Kinanah, who was called Bint Abi Thamamah, married Umar bin Abdullah bin Mudarris. Alqamah bin Alqamah Al-Atwari wrote a letter to Umar bin Abdul Aziz (may Allah have mercy on him) (while he was the governor of Madinah) saying: I am the guardian (wali) of this woman and she married without consulting me. Umar annulled this marriage, even though the man had already consummated the marriage with her. He said: Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid, because the Prophet ﷺ said: "Her marriage is invalid." And if the man has consummated the marriage with her, then she is entitled to a mahr equal to that of women of her status, in exchange for what he has taken from her, according to the decision of the Prophet ﷺ regarding such a woman.
Hadith 1142
أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ وَسَعِيدٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، قَالَ: جَمَعَتِ الطَّرِيقُ رُفْقَةً فِيهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ ثَيِّبٌ فَوَلَّتْ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ أَمْرَهَا فَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلًا، فَجَلَدَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ النَّاكِحَ وَالْمُنْكِحَ وَرَدَّ نِكَاحَهَا.
Ikrimah bin Khalid narrated that during a journey, a caravan gathered together and among them was a widow. She appointed one of the men as her guardian, and he married her to another man. So Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) flogged both the one who married and the one who conducted the marriage, and annulled the marriage.
Hadith 1143
أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَدَّ نِكَاحَ امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ.
It is narrated from Abdur Rahman bin Ma’bad that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) declared the marriage of a woman who married without a guardian to be invalid.
Hadith 1144
أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، قَالَ: أُتِيَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بِنِكَاحٍ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا نِكَاحُ السِّرِّ، فَلَا أُجِيزُهُ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ فِيهِ لَرَجَمْتُ. أَخْرَجَ الْأَوَّلَ فِي كِتَابِ اخْتِلَافِ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ، وَالثَّانِيَ مِنْ كِتَابِ أَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَإِلَى آخِرِ السَّادِسِ مِنْ كِتَابِ عِشْرَةِ النِّسَاءِ.
Abu al-Zubair narrated that a case of marriage was brought to Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) in which there was only one man and one woman as witnesses. So he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "This is a secret marriage, and I do not consider it permissible, and if I had declared this earlier, I would have stoned (the parties involved)."
