It is narrated from Matlub bin Hantab (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to perform the Friday prayer when the shadow (after the decline of the sun) became equal to one hand span.
Hadith Referenceمسند الإمام الشافعي / كتاب الجمعة / 447
It is narrated from Yusuf bin Malik (may Allah have mercy on him), he states that when Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Makkah, the people of Makkah were performing the Friday prayer while the shadows were still within the chambers. So Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Do not pray until the shadow comes in front of the Ka'bah."
Hadith Referenceمسند الإمام الشافعي / كتاب الجمعة / 448
Hadith Takhrijاسنادہ صحیح، اخرجـہ البیہقی فی معرفۃ السنن والآثار (1685) ۔ وعبد الرزاق (5214) ۔ وابن ابی شیبۃ (5141)۔