Salim bin Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that a man from among the noble companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) entered the mosque on Friday while Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was delivering the sermon. So (Umar, may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: "What time is this?" He replied: "O Commander of the Faithful! I came from the market, heard the call to prayer, and could do nothing except perform ablution." So Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Only ablution, when you know that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded us to perform ghusl."
Hadith Referenceمسند الإمام الشافعي / كتاب الجمعة / 414
Hadith Takhrijاخرجہ البخاری، الجمعۃ، باب فضل الغسل یوم الجمعۃ... الخ (878) ومسلم، الجمعۃ، باب کتاب الجمعۃ (845)۔