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مسند الشهاب
Musnad Shihab
Hadiths 801 to 1000
لَا تَزَالُ نَفْسُ الرَّجُلِ مُعَلَّقَةً بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُA man's soul remains suspended by his debt until it is paid off
Hadith 915
اُردوEn
915 - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الصَّفَّارُ، أبنا ابْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَزْرَقُ، عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا تَزَالُ نَفْسُ الرَّجُلِ مُعَلَّقَةً بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ»
Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "A servant's soul remains suspended because of his debt until it is paid off on his behalf."
Brief Explanation
Explanation:
From this hadith, it is understood that debt is not forgiven even for the deceased; the decision regarding his salvation in the Hereafter remains suspended until the debt is paid. Therefore, firstly: it is necessary that the debtor himself pays off his debt and does not show negligence in this matter, because there is no telling when death may come.
Secondly: if, for some reason, the debtor is unable to pay the debt himself and departs from this world, then his heirs or any other person should pay it off on his behalf as soon as possible, because until then, the soul is not permitted to enter Paradise until his debt is paid. From this, it is clear that the matter of debt is very serious and there is great strictness regarding it. The statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is: “Whoever dies in such a state that he owes a dinar or dirham (as debt), it will be paid from his good deeds (because) there will be neither dinar nor dirham there.” [ابن ماجه : 2414 ، صحيح]
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu reports that during the time of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, when a believer would pass away and he had a debt, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would ask: “Has this person left behind enough wealth that his debt can be paid from it?” If the people said: Yes, then he would lead his funeral prayer, and if they said that he had not left anything, he would say: “You pray the funeral prayer of your companion (I will not pray it).”
Then, when Allah granted His Messenger victories, he said: “I am closer to every believer than his own self, so whoever dies and leaves behind a debt, its payment is my responsibility, and whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs.” [مسلم : 1619 ، ابن ماجه : 2415]
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah radi Allahu anhu reports that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam stood (to deliver a sermon) and mentioned: “Indeed, striving in the path of Allah (jihad fi sabilillah) and faith in Allah are the best of deeds.” Then a man stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell me, if I am martyred in the path of Allah, will my sins be wiped away? He said to him: “Yes, if you are martyred in the path of Allah while being patient, seeking reward, steadfast in battle, and not turning your back and fleeing.” Then he said: “What did you say?” He replied: Tell me, if I am martyred in the path of Allah, will my sins be wiped away? Then the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Yes, while you are patient, seeking reward, steadfast in battle, and not turning your back and fleeing—except for debt (that will not be forgiven). Indeed, Jibril alayhis salam has just told me this.” [مسلم : 1885]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Thawban radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Whoever’s soul departs from his body in such a state that he is free from three things will enter Paradise: arrogance, debt, and betrayal.” ([أحمد : 282/5 ، وسنده صحيح]
Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Jahsh radi Allahu anhu reports that we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam when he raised his head towards the sky, then placed his palm on his forehead and said: “Subhan Allah! What a severe command has been revealed!” We remained silent but became anxious. The next day, I asked: O Messenger of Allah! What was that severe command? He said: “By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if a man is martyred in the path of Allah, then brought back to life, then martyred again, then brought back to life, then martyred again, while he owes a debt, he will not enter Paradise until his debt is paid off on his behalf.” [نسائي : 4688 ، و سنده صحيح]
From this hadith, it is understood that debt is not forgiven even for the deceased; the decision regarding his salvation in the Hereafter remains suspended until the debt is paid. Therefore, firstly: it is necessary that the debtor himself pays off his debt and does not show negligence in this matter, because there is no telling when death may come.
Secondly: if, for some reason, the debtor is unable to pay the debt himself and departs from this world, then his heirs or any other person should pay it off on his behalf as soon as possible, because until then, the soul is not permitted to enter Paradise until his debt is paid. From this, it is clear that the matter of debt is very serious and there is great strictness regarding it. The statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is: “Whoever dies in such a state that he owes a dinar or dirham (as debt), it will be paid from his good deeds (because) there will be neither dinar nor dirham there.” [ابن ماجه : 2414 ، صحيح]
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu reports that during the time of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, when a believer would pass away and he had a debt, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would ask: “Has this person left behind enough wealth that his debt can be paid from it?” If the people said: Yes, then he would lead his funeral prayer, and if they said that he had not left anything, he would say: “You pray the funeral prayer of your companion (I will not pray it).”
Then, when Allah granted His Messenger victories, he said: “I am closer to every believer than his own self, so whoever dies and leaves behind a debt, its payment is my responsibility, and whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs.” [مسلم : 1619 ، ابن ماجه : 2415]
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah radi Allahu anhu reports that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam stood (to deliver a sermon) and mentioned: “Indeed, striving in the path of Allah (jihad fi sabilillah) and faith in Allah are the best of deeds.” Then a man stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah! Tell me, if I am martyred in the path of Allah, will my sins be wiped away? He said to him: “Yes, if you are martyred in the path of Allah while being patient, seeking reward, steadfast in battle, and not turning your back and fleeing.” Then he said: “What did you say?” He replied: Tell me, if I am martyred in the path of Allah, will my sins be wiped away? Then the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Yes, while you are patient, seeking reward, steadfast in battle, and not turning your back and fleeing—except for debt (that will not be forgiven). Indeed, Jibril alayhis salam has just told me this.” [مسلم : 1885]
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Thawban radi Allahu anhu that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Whoever’s soul departs from his body in such a state that he is free from three things will enter Paradise: arrogance, debt, and betrayal.” ([أحمد : 282/5 ، وسنده صحيح]
Sayyiduna Muhammad bin Jahsh radi Allahu anhu reports that we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam when he raised his head towards the sky, then placed his palm on his forehead and said: “Subhan Allah! What a severe command has been revealed!” We remained silent but became anxious. The next day, I asked: O Messenger of Allah! What was that severe command? He said: “By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if a man is martyred in the path of Allah, then brought back to life, then martyred again, then brought back to life, then martyred again, while he owes a debt, he will not enter Paradise until his debt is paid off on his behalf.” [نسائي : 4688 ، و سنده صحيح]
