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مسند الشهاب
Musnad Shihab
Hadiths 401 to 600
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ لِيَفْعَلَ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌWhoever swears an oath and sees better than it, let him expiate his oath and do what is better
Hadith 521
اُردوEn
521 - وَبِهِ، أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، نا عَفَّانُ، نا جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ، نا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكِ ثُمَّ ائْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ»
Sayyiduna Abdur Rahman bin Samurah رضي الله عنه reports that the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلم said: "When you swear an oath about something, then offer the expiation for your oath and choose the action which is better."
Brief Explanation
Explanation: -
There are three types of oaths:
① Laghw (Idle): - That which is uttered without intention, as is the habit of some people who, without intending, keep swearing oaths in every conversation. This is called a "laghw oath." This is not a good action; however, it is Allah Ta'ala's mercy and compassion upon His servants that He will not hold them accountable for this type of oath.
② Ghamus (Perjurious): - That which is sworn with the intention of deceiving someone. This is a major sin (kabirah), and there is no expiation (kaffarah) for it. The only way to seek forgiveness is that a person sincerely repents and seeks forgiveness (tawbah wa istighfar), strives to avoid it in the future, and makes amends for the rights of anyone who was wronged through such an oath.
③ Mu'aqqadah (Binding): - Swearing an oath with intention and resolve to emphasize and affirm one's determination regarding doing or not doing a particular action. There is some detail regarding this type of oath, which is as follows:
If the oath is sworn in obedience to Allah, for example: swearing to do something that the Shari'ah has permitted, or swearing to abstain from something that the Shari'ah has commanded to avoid, then this oath is in obedience to Allah Ta'ala and therefore must be fulfilled. If, due to human deficiency, this oath is broken, then along with seeking forgiveness from Allah Ta'ala, its expiation (kaffarah) must also be given.
And if the oath is sworn in disobedience to Allah Ta'ala, for example: swearing to do something that the Shari'ah has not permitted, or swearing not to do something that the Shari'ah does not allow to be left, then breaking such an oath is obligatory (wajib).
The expiation (kaffarah) for an oath is that ten needy people should be fed, or they should be clothed, or a slave should be freed. If one is unable to do any of these, then three days of fasting should be observed.
There are three types of oaths:
① Laghw (Idle): - That which is uttered without intention, as is the habit of some people who, without intending, keep swearing oaths in every conversation. This is called a "laghw oath." This is not a good action; however, it is Allah Ta'ala's mercy and compassion upon His servants that He will not hold them accountable for this type of oath.
② Ghamus (Perjurious): - That which is sworn with the intention of deceiving someone. This is a major sin (kabirah), and there is no expiation (kaffarah) for it. The only way to seek forgiveness is that a person sincerely repents and seeks forgiveness (tawbah wa istighfar), strives to avoid it in the future, and makes amends for the rights of anyone who was wronged through such an oath.
③ Mu'aqqadah (Binding): - Swearing an oath with intention and resolve to emphasize and affirm one's determination regarding doing or not doing a particular action. There is some detail regarding this type of oath, which is as follows:
If the oath is sworn in obedience to Allah, for example: swearing to do something that the Shari'ah has permitted, or swearing to abstain from something that the Shari'ah has commanded to avoid, then this oath is in obedience to Allah Ta'ala and therefore must be fulfilled. If, due to human deficiency, this oath is broken, then along with seeking forgiveness from Allah Ta'ala, its expiation (kaffarah) must also be given.
And if the oath is sworn in disobedience to Allah Ta'ala, for example: swearing to do something that the Shari'ah has not permitted, or swearing not to do something that the Shari'ah does not allow to be left, then breaking such an oath is obligatory (wajib).
The expiation (kaffarah) for an oath is that ten needy people should be fed, or they should be clothed, or a slave should be freed. If one is unable to do any of these, then three days of fasting should be observed.
