صحيح مسلم
Sahih Muslim
كتاب الصيام
The Book of Fasting
باب جَوَازِ صَوْمِ النَّافِلَةِ بِنِيَّةٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَجَوَازِ فِطْرِ الصَّائِمِ نَفْلاً مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ:
Chapter: It is permissible to observe a voluntary fast with an intention formed during the day before the sun reaches its Zenith, and it is permissible for one who is observing a voluntary fast to break his fast with no excuse, although it is better for him to complete it
Hadith 1154
وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ ؟ " ، قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ ، قَالَ : " فَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ " ، قَالَتْ : فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ ، أَوْ جَاءَنَا زَوْرٌ ، قَالَتْ : فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ أَوْ جَاءَنَا زَوْرٌ ، وَقَدْ خَبَأْتُ لَكَ شَيْئًا ، قَالَ : " مَا هُوَ ؟ " ، قُلْتُ : حَيْسٌ ، قَالَ : " هَاتِيهِ " ، فَجِئْتُ بِهِ ، " فَأَكَلَ " ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " قَدْ كُنْتُ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا " ، قَالَ طَلْحَةُ فَحَدَّثْتُ مُجَاهِدًا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، فَقَالَ : ذَاكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يُخْرِجُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْضَاهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَهَا .
'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her), reported that one day the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: 'A'isha, have you anything (to eat)? I said: 'Messenger of Allah, there is nothing with us. Thereupon he said: I am observing fast. She said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out, and there was a present, for us and (at the same time) some visitors dropped in. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came back, I said to him: Messenger of Allah, a present was given to us, (and in the meanwhile) there came to us visitors (a major Portion of it has been spent on them), but I have saved something for you. He said: What is it? I said: It is hasees (a compound of dates and clarified butter). He said: Bring that. So I brought it to him and he ate it and then said: I woke up in the morning observing fast. Talha said: I narrated this hadith to Mujahid and he said: This (observing of voluntary fast) is like a person who sets apart Sadaqa out of his wealth. He may spend it if he likes, or he may retain it if he so likes.
Hadith 1154
وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، قَالَتْ : دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ ، فَقَالَ : " هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ " ، فَقُلْنَا : لَا ، قَالَ : " فَإِنِّي إِذَنْ صَائِمٌ " ، ثُمَّ أَتَانَا يَوْمًا آخَرَ ، فَقُلْنَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أُهْدِيَ لَنَا حَيْسٌ ، فَقَالَ : " أَرِينِيهِ فَلَقَدْ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا ، فَأَكَلَ " .
'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her), reported: The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) came to me one day and said: Is there anything with you (to eat)? I said: No. Thereupon he said: I shall then be fasting. Then he came to us another day and we said: Messenger of Allah, has been offered to us as a gift. Thereupon he said: Show that to me; I had been fasting since morning. He then ate it.
