Muslim

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:

(1)
AL-MŪBIQĀT:
Derived from "wa-ba-qa,"
which means destruction and ruin,
therefore, "mūbiqāt" means those things that cause destruction.

(2)
AL-TAWALLĪ:
Turning away and deviating,
to turn one's back.

Hadith Commentary:

Both of these sins destroy faith.

The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) mentioned both shirk (associating partners with Allah) and magic (sihr) together in the same category, which shows just how dangerous both of these sins are. In particular, shirk is such a sin that if the one who commits it dies without repenting, he will be in Hellfire forever, and Paradise is absolutely forbidden for him.

To learn the details regarding shirk, study works such as Kitab ad-Din al-Khalis, etc.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) mentioned shirk (associating partners with Allah) and magic (sihr) together because both of these sins are so dangerous that they destroy a person’s faith. Shirk is so destructive that if a person does not repent after committing shirk, he will be deprived of Paradise forever and Hell will become obligatory upon him.

(2)
Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) has mentioned this hadith concisely at this point to warn of the severity of magic. In other narrations, seven destructive sins are mentioned: associating partners with Allah (shirk), killing someone without just cause, usurping the wealth of orphans, fleeing from the battlefield, practicing magic (sihr), consuming usury (riba), and slandering chaste women with accusations of adultery.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Wasaya, Hadith: 2766)

Hadith Commentary:
The number of major sins is not limited to these seven; many other sins have also been mentioned under this category. Some scholars have written independent books detailing them. In any case, these are sins, and whoever commits them and dies without repentance is certainly destroyed, meaning he will be consigned to Hell.

The relevance to the chapter is regarding the consumption of the wealth of orphans, which has been condemned in the verse mentioned in the chapter.

All the narrators of this hadith are Madinan, and the esteemed Imam has also included it in the Book of Medicine and the Book of Those Who Wage War.

Hadith Commentary:
In this hadith, consuming the wealth of an orphan is included among the seven destructive sins.
The number of major sins (kabirah) is much greater than seven.
These are the sins that, if a person commits them and dies without repentance, he will certainly enter Hell—unless Allah forgives him.

Hadith Commentary: Hafiz said: In this hadith, only seven major sins (kabirah) are mentioned, but from other ahadith, additional major sins are also established, such as: migrating (for the sake of Allah) and then breaking that migration, fornication (zina), theft, false oath, disobedience to parents, desecration in the Sacred Sanctuary (Haram), drinking alcohol, false testimony, tale-bearing, not being cautious from urine, embezzlement of war booty (ghanimah), rebelling against the Imam, and separating from the congregation.

Qastallani said: Lying, being fearless of Allah’s punishment, backbiting (ghibah), despairing of Allah’s mercy, reviling the two Shaykhs—Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and Umar al-Faruq (radi Allahu anhuma), and breaking a covenant.

All of these have been included among the major sins (kabirah).

There is a difference of opinion regarding the definition of major sins (kabirah).

Some have said: those sins for which a prescribed punishment (hadd) has been set.

Some have said: those sins for which a threat (wa‘id) has come in the Qur’an and Hadith—all such sins are major.

The greatest of the major sins is shirk (associating partners with Allah), the one who commits it and dies without repentance will remain forever in Hellfire, whereas for other major sins, there is always hope for forgiveness at some point.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In the hadith, the word "muhsanat" appears, which means chaste and innocent women, whether they are virgins or married. In fact, some scholars have included even the accusation against a chaste slave woman within this ruling.
This ruling is not only for men, but also applies to women, that they should not accuse chaste men of immorality.

(2)
From this word, it is also understood that if a man or woman is already notorious for immorality or has already been punished for such an act, then accusing them does not incur the legal punishment of false accusation (hadd al-qadhf). However, it is still better to avoid such actions.
For awareness regarding major sins, the study of our compilation "Major Sins in Society" will be beneficial.

Takhrij:
[صحيح بخاري 2766],
[صحيح مسلم 262]

Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ In this hadith, seven major sins are mentioned:
① Shirk (associating partners with Allah)
② Magic (sihr)
③ Murder
④ Usury (riba)
⑤ Consuming the wealth of an orphan
⑥ Fleeing from the battlefield
⑦ And accusing chaste women of adultery.

Among these, shirk and murder have already been mentioned in the previous hadith in Sahih Bukhari [6861] and Sahih Muslim [258].

➋ The addition of a trustworthy narrator is accepted.

➌ If a person dies without repentance, these major sins will destroy and ruin him, and will throw him into Hellfire, except if he did not commit shirk, and Allah, the Exalted, forgives him out of His special grace and mercy.

➍ Magic (sihr) is among the major sins. At times, magic even becomes a cause for exiting the fold of Islam.

➎ Just as there is great virtue in placing a hand on the head of an orphan, raising him, and taking care of him, there is an equally severe warning for usurping his wealth.

➏ Fleeing from the battlefield at the time of fighting disbelievers for the dominance of Islam is a major sin.

➐ Islam grants complete protection to women; therefore, accusing a chaste woman is a major sin, and there is also a prescribed punishment in Islam for the one who makes such an accusation.