Muslim

1374. Commentary:

➊ In some narrations, it is further mentioned that on this very day Adam (alayhis salam) passed away, and on this very day the Resurrection (Qiyamah) will be established. Is the mention of these events also related to the virtue of Friday, or have they simply been mentioned as such? The scholars have adopted both perspectives. If these events are related to its virtue, then the expulsion of Adam (alayhis salam) is a cause of virtue because his expulsion became the reason for the sending of prophets and messengers (alayhimus salam), and their existence is a cause of human excellence. Similarly, the death of Adam (alayhis salam) and the occurrence of the Resurrection are causes for meeting Allah, entering Paradise, and attaining honor.

➋ “Is the day of Friday more virtuous or the day of Arafah?” The noble scholars state regarding this that among the days of the week, Friday is the most virtuous, and among the days of the year, the day of Arafah is the most virtuous. In this respect, Arafah is more virtuous than Friday, because Friday is also included among the days of the year. Furthermore, the gathering on the day of Arafah is much greater than the gathering on Friday, and the greater the gathering of the believers, the greater the reward and virtue. However, if all the gatherings of Friday throughout the year are combined, then they certainly surpass Arafah. The significant events that occurred on this day, such as the creation of Adam (alayhis salam), further demand its virtue. Therefore, it is difficult to state anything definitively. And Allah knows best.

Benefits and Issues:
❀ Sayyiduna Busrah bin Abu Busrah radi Allahu anhu narrates:
“I met Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu when he was going to the Mosque of Tur for the purpose of offering prayer. I said to him: If we had met before you set out, you would not have gone towards the Mosque of Tur. He asked: Why? I informed him that I heard the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam say: One should not undertake a journey (with the intention of seeking blessings) except to three mosques: the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), the Aqsa Mosque (Masjid al-Aqsa), and my mosque.” [مسند الإمام أحمد : 6؍397، وسنده حسن]

❀ The Tabi‘i, Shahr bin Hawshab rahimahullah, narrates:
“I heard Sayyiduna Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri radi Allahu anhu. Mention was made in his presence about praying on Mount Tur, so he stated: The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: It is not permissible to undertake a journey to any mosque except for three mosques: the Sacred Mosque, the Aqsa Mosque, and this mosque of mine.” [مسند الإمام أحمد : 3؍64، وسنده حسن]

↰ From these ahadith, it is understood that it is not permissible to travel to any mosque other than these three with the specific intention of attaining reward for prayer, nor to seek blessings from any place. Sayyiduna Busrah bin Abu Busrah, Sayyiduna Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri, and Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhum understood the hadith of “shadd ar-rihal” (undertaking a journey) in its general sense, as is evident when Sayyiduna Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri radi Allahu anhu was asked about praying on Mount Tur, he presented this very hadith and issued a fatwa of prohibition based on it.

The commentator of Sahih al-Bukhari, Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah (773–852 AH), writes:
“What is meant by this is that it is prohibited to travel (for the sake of seeking blessings) to any place other than these mosques. ‘Allamah Tayyibi rahimahullah says: The wording of this hadith is even more emphatic than a clear prohibition, as if the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is saying that it is not permissible to intend visiting any place except these three, because this distinction is exclusive to these places.” [فتح الباري : 64/3، شرح الطيبي : 929/3]

1431. Commentary:

➊ "Mount Tur" is the place where Musa (alayhis salam) spoke with Allah, the Exalted. In the Qur'an, it is referred to as the "Sacred Valley."

➋ "Listens attentively" means to pay attention and remain expectant. Perhaps the animals become aware of the day of Jumu'ah, or it may be something natural within them that every Friday they remain fearful. This latter view appears to be more correct because all the actions of animals are by nature and instinct, whereas humans can act against their nature as well.

➌ "Such an hour"—According to the marfu' narration of Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu), it is the last hour after Asr. According to some narrations, that hour is from the time the Imam ascends the pulpit until the prayer is finished. Shah Waliullah (rahimahullah) has reconciled these views by stating that the daily hour is indeed after Asr, but due to the blessing of the gathering of believers on Jumu'ah, the time of the sermon and prayer also becomes virtuous, and thus it too becomes a time of acceptance. It can also be said that sometimes it is this hour, and sometimes that. Most scholars have given preference to the narration of Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu).

➍ "Mounts should not be used"—meaning, one should not undertake a long journey for the sake of attaining nearness and reward, thinking that a certain place is sacred and that there is more nearness and reward there, except for these three mosques. The narrator of the hadith, Basrah Ghifari (radi Allahu anhu), did not consider it correct to undertake a long journey to any sacred place (whether it is a mosque or any other place) with the intention of nearness and reward. Abu Hurairah (radi Allahu anhu) also understood this meaning to be correct. That is why he did not reject his statement. And this is the correct meaning. This discussion has already passed in detail. See Hadith: 701.

➎ By "the mosque of Bayt al-Maqdis" is meant Bayt al-Maqdis itself, because any place that is designated for the worship of Allah, the Exalted, is a mosque. And Bayt al-Maqdis was also built for the worship of Allah, the Exalted.

➏ "He is in prayer"—This interpretation by Abdullah bin Salam (radi Allahu anhu) is the interpretation of a jurist companion, which is valid. However, in the following narration (1433), the words are: «قائم یصلی» "i.e., he stands and prays." Whereas the waiting for prayer is usually done while sitting. So the scholars have reconciled between them by stating that in the hadith of Abu Hurairah (radi Allahu anhu), the meaning of "standing" (qaim) in light of the hadith of Abdullah bin Salam is "remaining," i.e., waiting while sitting, because usually the waiting for prayer is done while sitting. Or, the restriction of "standing" here is a descriptive restriction, i.e., it is based on the general state of the worshipper, because prayer is performed standing. Therefore, in light of the aforementioned words, waiting for prayer does not necessarily have to be done standing. And Allah knows best. For more, see: (al-Ta'liqat al-Salafiyyah [new edition]: 2/333, 334).

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: The virtue and superiority of a time depend on those great and significant events that occur in it by the will of Allah, or will occur, or on the blessings and favors of Allah that are bestowed upon mankind on that day. The superiority of the day of Jumu‘ah (Friday) is also due to these very matters: that on this day, the forefather of humankind was created.

Then, he was placed temporarily in the abode of Allah’s mercy so that love for it and eagerness to attain it would be instilled in his heart.

Then, he was sent to the world to begin the lineage of humankind, so that he and his progeny, by living in accordance with the code of life revealed by Allah, would demonstrate their ability to dwell eternally in Paradise and become deserving of its attainment. In this way, the perfections and virtues of the system of vicegerency (khilafah) in the world would be manifested before the angels, as Allah has indicated in His statement: “Indeed, I know that which you do not know,” and ultimately, by establishing the Day of Resurrection, those who lived their lives according to Allah’s guidance in the world will be honored and rewarded.

All the events that occurred on Jumu‘ah, due to being manifestations of Allah’s wisdom, power, and mercy, are the reason for the virtue and superiority of this day.

The expulsion of Adam (alayhis salam) from Paradise is, in reality, a blessing because it was a prelude to his permanent and eternal residence in Paradise, since his initial entry into Paradise was temporary.

He was, in fact, created for vicegerency (khilafah) on earth.

As Allah, the Exalted, has said: “Indeed, I will make upon the earth a vicegerent.”

1:
This shows that on this day, great and significant events have taken place, which manifest the virtue of Friday.

1:
In Sahih Muslim, it is narrated from Abu Musa radi Allahu anhu that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said:
"This hour is from the time the Imam sits on the pulpit until the conclusion of the sermon." Both of these hadiths are authentic.
Therefore, according to Imam Ahmad and Ibn Abd al-Barr, one should strive in supplication during both times.

1046. Commentary:
➊ This hadith establishes the virtue of Jumu‘ah (Friday). It also indicates the recommendation of supplicating on the day of Jumu‘ah, especially in its last hour, and the acceptance of such supplications.
➋ The expulsion of Adam (alayhis salam) from Paradise and his descent to earth is counted among the virtues of Friday because, through this, the earth was populated, prophets, messengers, and the righteous appeared, the implementation of Allah’s law took place, nearness to Him was sought, justice and fairness were established, and grace and benevolence manifested. Similarly, the death of Adam (alayhis salam) on this day is also counted among its virtues, because a believer, by departing from this abode of trial, reaches the presence of his Lord.
➌ Even among animals, knowledge of their Creator and even fear of the Day of Resurrection has been instilled.
➍ The process of the appearance of the Day of Resurrection will begin even before the rising of the sun.
➎ Allah, the Exalted, accepts the supplications of His servants, but it is necessary that the supplicant observes the essential conditions of supplication. Also, the forms of acceptance may vary.
➏ This accepted hour has been kept hidden throughout the day; however, in light of this hadith, it is more likely to occur in the last moments of the day.
➐ Ka‘b al-Ahbar was among the major Tabi‘in, who was formerly a Jew and is among the «مخضرمين». (In «مخضر», those people are referred to who accepted Islam during the era of the Messenger, but for some reason did not meet the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.) And Abdullah ibn Salam radi Allahu anhu was a distinguished Companion, and before Islam, was among the prominent scholars of the Jews.
➑ The pure and perfected Shari‘ah of its possessor (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) affirms the previous divinely revealed scriptures from Allah.

Benefit:
When does this hour occur? The preferred opinion is that it comes in the last part of the day. [فتح الباري : 2/ 416-421]