Muslim

Takhrij al-Hadith:
[صحيح مسلم 6748]
◄ This hadith, in addition to Imam Muslim, has been narrated by Imam Abdullah bin Wahb al-Misri [كتاب الجامع : 580، كتاب القدر : 17], Ja‘far bin Muhammad al-Firyabi [كتاب القدر : 84], al-Tirmidhi [السنن : 2156 وقال : حسن صحيح غريب], Ahmad [2؍169 ح6579], ‘Abd bin Humaid [المنتخب : 343], Ibn Hibban [الاحسان : 6105، دوسرا نسخه : 6138], Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Ajurri [الشريعته ص176ح341۔ 343], and al-Bayhaqi [كتاب القضاءوالقدر : 128، كتاب الاسماء والصفات ص 375، 374دوسرا نسخه ص477كتاب الاعتقادص 136], among others, through the chain of Abu Hani Hamid bin Hani from Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli from ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhu.
Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman ‘Abdullah bin Yazid al-Hubuli is trustworthy. See: [تقريب التهذيب : 3712]
◄ Hamid bin Hani is trustworthy and reliable. He has been declared trustworthy by al-Daraqutni [سوالات البرقاني : 95], Ibn Hibban [149/4], and Ibn Shahin [الثقات: 275]. Imam Muslim and others have affirmed his reliability through authentication, therefore this narration is absolutely authentic. «والحمدلله»

Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ The plural of miqdar (amount) is maqadir. Miqdar means “number, measurement, something similar in size, degree, status, divine decree.” See: al-Qamus al-Wahid [ص1283]
➋ From this authentic hadith, it is understood that predestination (qadar) is true, and this is the belief of Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama‘ah.
◈ Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani writes:
«ومذهب السلف قاطبة أن الأمور كلها بتقدير الله تعاليٰ»
“And the madhhab of all (the righteous predecessors) is that all matters are by Allah’s decree.” [فتح الباري 11؍478 تحت ح6594]
The statement of Allah the Exalted is:
«إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ»
“Indeed, We have created everything according to a measure.” [القمر : 49]
It is narrated from our master Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu that the polytheists of Quraysh disputed about predestination in the presence of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, so this (aforementioned) verse was revealed. [صحیح مسلم : 2656، دار السلام : 6752]
Allah the Exalted said:
«وَاللَّـهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ»
“And Allah created you and what you do.” [الصٰفٰت : 96]
In the explanation of this verse, Imam al-Bukhari says:
“So Allah informed that all actions and those who do them are created.” [خلق افعال العباد ص25 ح117]
For other verses about predestination, see the book [الشريعة للآجري ص150 تا 172]
The belief in predestination is established by mass-transmitted (mutawatir) hadiths in meaning.
◈ Imam Malik says:
«ما أضل من كذب بالقدر، لو لم يكن عليهم فيه حجة إلا قوله تعالىٰ : ﴿خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ﴾ لكفيٰ بها حجة»
“No one is more misguided than the one who denies predestination. If there were only this statement of Allah the Exalted as evidence regarding predestination, that He created you, so among you are disbelievers and among you are believers [التغابن : 2], it would be sufficient.” [كتاب القدر للفريابي : 290 وسنده صحيح، الشريعة للآجري ص226، 227 ح508 وسنده صحيح]
◈ Tawus the Tabi‘i says:
“I found a group among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, they used to say: Everything is by predestination.” [صحيح مسلم : 2655 وترقيم دارالسلام : 6751]
◈ The Commander of the Faithful, ‘Umar bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz rahimahullah, asked Abu Suhayl bin Malik: What is your opinion about those who deny predestination? He said: My opinion is that they should be made to repent; if they repent (it is fine), otherwise they should be executed. ‘Umar bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz said: That is (also) my opinion. [موطأ امام مالك 2؍900 ح1730 وسنده صحيح]
◈ Regarding the Qadariyyah (deniers of predestination), our master ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar radi Allahu anhuma said: I am free from them and they are free from me. By Allah, even if they were to spend gold equal to Mount Uhud, it would not be accepted by Allah unless they believe in predestination. [صحيح مسلم : 8، دارالسلام : 93]
A heretic sent greetings to Ibn ‘Umar radi Allahu anhuma, but he did not reply to the greeting. See: [سنن الترمذي : 2152 وسنده حسن وقال الترمذي : ”هٰذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب“]
◈ Our master ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said:
«العجز والكيس من القدر»
“Weakness and intelligence are by predestination.” [الشريعة للآجري ص213 ح448 وسنده صحيح]
There are many other such reports from which the belief in predestination is clearly established.
◈ Imam Hasan al-Basri rahimahullah said:
«من كفر بالقدر فقد كفر بالإسلام»
“Whoever denies predestination has denied Islam.” [الشريعه ص217 ح462 وسنده صحيح]
◈ Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr and Salim bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar both used to curse the people of the Qadariyyah sect. [الشريعة ص223 ح492 وسنده صحيح]
◈ Imam Layth bin Sa‘d al-Misri said regarding the denier of predestination that neither should he be visited when sick nor should one attend his funeral. [الشريعة للآجري ص227 ح509 وسنده صحيح]
➌ Imam Yahya bin Sa‘id al-Qattan and Imam ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Mahdi rahimahumallah said:
«كل شيء بقدر» In «بقدر», the meaning is “writing and knowledge,” i.e., it is written and He knows it. [كتاب القدر للفريابي : 411 وسنده صحيح]
➍ The Imam of Ahl al-Sunnah, Abu ‘Abdullah Ahmad bin Hanbal said:
«لا يصلي خلف القدرية والمعتزلة والجهمية»
“Do not pray behind the Qadariyyah, Mu‘tazilah, and Jahmiyyah (people of deviant sects).” [كتاب السنه لعبدالله بن أحمد : 833 وسنده صحيح]
➎ Fadl bin ‘Isa al-Raqashi was a Qadari innovator, about whom Imam Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani rahimahullah said: «لو ولد أخرس كان خيرا له» “If he had been born mute, it would have been better for him.” [كتاب الضعفاء للبخاري : 306 وسنده صحيح، الجرح والتعديل 7؍64 وسنده صحيح]
This Raqashi once came to Muhammad bin Ka‘b al-Qurazi (the Tabi‘i) and began to speak about predestination, so Imam Qurazi said to him: Recite the tashahhud (the sermon formula). When he reached «من يهده الله فلامضل له ومن يضلل فلا هادي له», he picked up his staff and struck Raqashi on the head and said: Get up (be gone). Then when he left, he (Qurazi), with his insight and experience, said: This man will never retract his opinion. [السنة لعبدالله بن أحمد : 962 وسنده صحيح]
➏ Shaykh ‘Abd al-Muhsin al-‘Abbad al-Madani has written an excellent discussion on predestination, which I (the author) have translated, and it has been published under the name “Sharh Hadith Jibril.”