Muslim

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: When the Muhajirun (emigrants) migrated and reached Madinah Munawwarah, their houses and properties had remained in Makkah Mukarramah. Therefore, the Ansar (helpers) provided them with houses and offered to share their lands with them, which the Muhajirun accepted in the form of muzara‘ah (sharecropping) or musaqat (gardening partnership). However, to some people, the fruit of date trees was given as a gift (manihah) according to their need. And when the areas of Banu Qurayzah were conquered, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) distributed their properties and gardens among the Muhajirun.

Umm Ayman (radi Allahu anha) thought that the trees had been granted to her by the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and thus they belonged to her, whereas they had been given to her for the benefit of their fruits. Since Umm Ayman (radi Allahu anha) had raised and cared for the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in his childhood, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took this into consideration, bore her insistence, and, after pleasing her, had the trees returned to her.

Hadith Commentary:
1.
It is narrated from Anas (radi Allahu anhu) that my family sent me so that our dates would be returned to us, while the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had already given those dates to Umm Ayman (radi Allahu anha).
At that moment, she also arrived and put a cloth around my neck, saying:
"By Allah! You will not get these fruits which the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has granted to me."
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) then returned those trees from her on the promise of giving her ten times more.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4120.)

2.
After the expulsion of Banu Nadir, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to the Ansar:
"If you wish, I will give you a share from this fay’ wealth, but in that case, the Muhajirun will remain in possession of your properties. And if you wish, give them a share from the fay’ wealth, and in that case, they will return your houses and gardens to you."
So they chose the second option.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/416)

Hadith Commentary:
1.
After the Hijrah, the Ansar of Madinah, showing brotherhood and sympathy towards the Muhajirun, temporarily gave them some trees from their date orchards for their benefit.
Umm Sulaym (radi Allahu anha) also gave the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) a few trees for his use.
He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) granted some of those trees to Umm Ayman (radi Allahu anha).
When the orchards of Banu Qurayzah and Banu Nadir were conquered, the Muhajirun became their owners, so the trees that had been temporarily given by the Ansar were returned to them. However, Umm Ayman (radi Allahu anha) thought that she was the owner of those trees, so she refused to return them.
Since she was the one who had raised and served the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),
he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) greatly respected her due to the right of guardianship.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) promised her that she would be given ten times as many dates in exchange for those trees, so she returned the trees.

2.
This hadith also shows that it is permissible to gift the benefit (usufruct) of something, even if the owner keeps the actual property with himself.
(Fath al-Bari: 7/513)

Hadith Commentary:
When the Muhajirun (Emigrants) first arrived in Madinah, most of them were destitute and needy. The Ansar (Helpers) included them as partners in their orchards. Several trees were also assigned to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
When the orchards of Banu Qurayzah and Banu Nadir came into the possession of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) without any fighting, they became his property. However, he distributed many of these orchards among the Muhajirun and instructed them that now the orchards and trees which the Ansar had given to you should be returned to them. Several orchards he kept specifically for himself.
From these, equipment for jihad was prepared and other necessities, such as the expenses of his wives, were fulfilled. Imam Bukhari (rahimahullah) has mentioned this hadith to indicate precisely this comprehensive expenditure, from which the purpose of the chapter is clearly derived.
(Wahidi)

Hadith Commentary:
1.
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has narrated this report with extreme brevity.
Previously, the detailed narration has already been mentioned in these words:
When the Muhajirun migrated from Makkah to Madinah, they had no possessions with them.
Since the Ansar were people of land and property, they made an agreement with the Muhajirun that they would give them fruit from their orchards every year, and in return, the Muhajirun would work in their orchards.
Umm Sulaym radi Allahu anha gifted a date orchard to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he gave that orchard to Umm Ayman radi Allahu anha. Then, when the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam returned from the Battle of Khaybar and came to Madinah Tayyibah, the Muhajirun returned the gifts they had received in the form of fruit.
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam also returned the orchard of Umm Sulaym radi Allahu anha, the mother of Anas radi Allahu anhu, and in exchange, granted Umm Ayman radi Allahu anha some trees from his own orchard.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Hibah wa Fadluha wa al-Tahridhu Alayha, Hadith: 2630)

2.
In any case, the summary of these narrations is that the lands of Banu Nadir were fay’ property, which belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he distributed them among the Muhajirun and instructed them to return the orchards that the Ansar had given them out of sympathy, and nothing from this fay’ property was given to the Ansar.
In this way, both parties became independent of each other. Then, when Banu Qurayzah broke their covenant, they were besieged.
Eventually, when they agreed to the decision of Sa’d ibn Mu’adh radi Allahu anhu, their property was distributed among all the Companions radi Allahu anhum, and from their share, they would spend on their needs, such as the expenses of their families and other necessities.