Muslim

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Qad ballaghta:
Your duty is to convey the message and invite to Islam;
you have fulfilled this duty,
whether it is accepted or not is our responsibility.

(2)
Dhalika ureedu:
I also desire that you acknowledge that the message has reached you.

Benefits and Issues:
Up until the Battle of Banu Qurayzah, which occurred before Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu embraced Islam and came to Madinah,
all the Jewish tribes—
Banu Qaynuqa‘,
Banu Nadir, and
Banu Qurayzah—had been expelled from Madinah due to their breach of covenant,
however, some of their smaller families remained behind,
who were engaged in teaching and learning.
Now, when the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam wished to expel them from Madinah as well, he first invited them to Islam, and upon their refusal, he said,
“Now the time has come for you to be expelled from here,
therefore, sell your property and belongings, vacate the land, and depart from here.”

Chapter of Sahih Bukhari Hadith Number: 6944: «بَابٌ في بَيْعِ الْمُكْرَهِ وَنَحْوِهِ فِي الْحَقِّ وَغَيْرِهِ:»
Relevance between the Chapter Heading and the Hadith:
Allamah Khattabi rahimahullah has raised an objection regarding the appropriateness between the chapter heading (tarjamat al-bab) and the hadith, stating that there is no relevance between the two. Thus, he writes:
SA «استدل أبوعبدالله يعني البخاري بحديث أبى هريرة يعني المذكور فى الباب على جواز بيع المكره والحديث ببيع المضطر أشبه.» [فتح الباري لابن حجر : 272/13]

"That is, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has deduced the permissibility of the sale of the coerced (mukrah) from the hadith of Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu, whereas this hadith is more akin to the sale of the distressed (mudtar), because in the sale of the coerced, the act of selling is carried out by someone whether he is pleased or not."
The same objection has been cited by Allamah ‘Ayni rahimahullah in ‘Umdat al-Qari. EA Accordingly, Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah, while commenting on these objections, has also provided their answers. In reality, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has considered the sale of the distressed (mudtar) to be permissible, and for this reason, he has derived its permissibility from the chapter heading. By "distressed" (mudtar) is meant the person who, having become destitute, sells his property. Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah comments:
«قلت لم يقتصر البخاري فى الترجمة على المكره و إنما قال: ”بيع المكره و نحوه فى الحق“ فدخل فى ترجمته المضطر، وكأنه أشار إلى الرد على من لا يصح بيع المضطر، و قوله فى آخر كلامه.» [فتح الباري لابن حجر : 272/13]
"Imam Bukhari rahimahullah did not restrict the chapter heading to the coerced (mukrah) alone; he merely said: «بيع المكره ونحوه فى الحق» so the distressed (mudtar) is also included in this. It is as if he has indicated a refutation of those who do not accept the validity of the sale of the distressed. Khattabi rahimahullah’s statement at the end, that if someone is compelled to do so then it is not permissible, is rejected, because this is coercion with right. Allamah Kirmāni rahimahullah has also critiqued him on this."
The summary of all these discussions is that the chapter heading consists of two parts: the sale of the coerced (mukrah) and the sale of the distressed (mudtar). The chapter heading is related to the second part, i.e., the sale of the distressed, so here "distressed" refers to one who, being compelled, sells his property, because the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had ordered those Jews to sell their property, as is clear from the chapter heading and the hadith. As for the first part, the inference is drawn from the text of the hadith, because in the sale of the coerced, the distressed is included a fortiori. This is exactly what Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has stated. «والله اعلم»

Hadith Commentary: Due to the daily mischiefs of the Jews of Madinah, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made this declaration to them. At that time, they were disbelievers at war (harbi kuffar). The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) gave them the option to sell their properties; in such a situation, the permissibility of sale is established. This is the relevance to the chapter.

Hadith Commentary:
➊ The Jews proved to be very miserly regarding their wealth and possessions. When they were threatened with exile, they considered it prudent to sell their properties. Although they did not wish to sell them, at that time they were compelled.

➋ From this hadith, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has deduced the permissibility of a compelled person’s sale, and this hadith is very clear regarding the sale of a compelled person, because a compelled person is one who is forced to sell his owned items, even though he does not wish to sell them. However, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave them the option to sell their belongings, and they considered it appropriate to avail themselves of this option. In such a situation, the permissibility of the sale by the compelled (mukrah) is established.

And Allah knows best.

Benefits and Issues:
➊
After the intrigues of the Jews became apparent and established, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not make any decision in haste.
Before announcing any punishment, he invited them to accept Islam.
Then, before the punishment of exile, they were informed that they could sell their properties and so on.
Soon the punishment would be enforced.
It is as if all your efforts were directed so that, despite the excesses of the Jews, there should be no excess committed against them by the Muslims.
Safety lies in accepting Islam.
That is, by accepting Islam, even the punishment for a crime like treachery is abolished.
In this world, there is safety for life, wealth, and honor, and in the Hereafter, safety from Allah’s grasp and the torment of Hell.

➋
The meaning of “the earth belongs to Allah” is that He is the One who created the earth.
The law of nature enforced by Him is in effect.
He is its true owner, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is the vicegerent (khalifah) from Allah,
so that he may enforce His Shari‘ah in it.

➌
For the purpose of enforcing a legal (shar‘i) right, it is permissible to persuade someone to sell his property, and such a sale and purchase is valid.