Muslim

Hadith Commentary:
And it is evident that the commander of the army must have given this reward from the khums (one-fifth share).
Although this action was performed by the commander of the army, it occurred during the time of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam); he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) must have heard of it and remained silent regarding it, thus it serves as a proof.

Hadith Commentary:
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has mentioned this expedition after the (expedition of) Ta’if, whereas the view of other scholars of Maghazi is that this detachment was dispatched by the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam before setting out for the conquest of Makkah.
Its commander was Abu Qatadah radi Allahu anhu.
There were only twenty-five men in it, who, in confrontation with Ghatafan, obtained two hundred camels and two thousand goats.
(Fath al-Bari: 8/70)

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: This hadith establishes that if a detachment is separated from a large army and sent on a mission, and that detachment returns successful and acquires spoils of war (ghanimah), then it will be counted as the spoils of the entire army, because the detachment had the support of the main army behind it and the enemy was also overawed by the presence of the whole army.

However, to encourage that detachment, they may be given an extra share from the spoils. Therefore, when the commander of the detachment gave each man a camel, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not object to this. Thus, this hadith is attributed to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in a tacit (taqreeri) manner, meaning that he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) approved of it.

However, there is a difference of opinion regarding this issue: should the extra share be given from the original spoils, from the four shares of the fighters, or from the fifth (khums) portion? The preferred view among the Shafi'is is that it should be given from the fifth of the fifth (khums of the khums), while the Hanafi position is that if the commander announced the reward before the acquisition of the spoils, it will be given from the four shares of the fighters, and if it was not announced beforehand, then it will be given from the khums. According to Imam Malik, it will be given from the khums, and according to Imam Ahmad, from the original spoils. Hasan al-Basri, al-Awza'i, and Abu Thawr also hold this view.

Takhrij al-Hadith: [وأخرجه البخاري 3134، ومسلم 35/1749، من حديث مالك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ If the Commander of the Faithful or his appointed deputy distributes the spoils of war (mal-e-ghanīmah) or a portion thereof among his army after extracting the khums (one-fifth), then it is lawful (halal) for the members of the army.
➋ If there is a threat of attack from the disbelievers, then by the order of the Caliph, a preemptive jihad (jihād al-taqdīm) may be undertaken.
➌ The wealth acquired from the disbelievers during a state of war is called spoils of war (mal-e-ghanīmah).
➍ Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib rahimahullah used to say: When people would distribute the spoils of war on the battlefield, they would consider one camel equivalent to ten goats. [الموطأ 2/450 ح1001، وسنده صحيح]