صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الجهاد والسيرThe Book of Jihad and Expeditions
باب تَأْمِيرِ الإِمَامِ الأُمَرَاءَ عَلَى الْبُعُوثِ وَوَصِيَّتِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِآدَابِ الْغَزْوِ وَغَيْرِهَا:Chapter: Ruler appointing leaders of expeditions and advising them of the etiquette of war, etc.
ح وحَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّتِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ اغْزُوا ، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا وَلَا تَمْثُلُوا وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ أَوْ خِلَالٍ فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ مَا أَجَابُوكَ ، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ ، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ، فَلَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلُوا مِنْهَا ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَسَلْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ ، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا ، فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ ، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ ، فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ ، فَلَا تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَلَا ذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ وَلَكِنْ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ وَذِمَّةَ أَصْحَابِكَ ، فَإِنَّكُمْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ أَصْحَابِكُمْ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ ، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ ، فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ ، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لَا ؟ " ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ : هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ وَزَادَ إِسْحَاقُ فِي آخِرِ حَدِيثِهِ ، عَنْ يَحْيَي بْنِ آدَمَ ، قَالَ : فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ ، قَالَ يَحْيَي : يَعْنِي أَنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ يَقُولُهُ لِابْنِ حَيَّانَ ، فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ هَيْصَمٍ ، عَنْ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَحْوَهُ ،
It has been reported from Sulaiman bin Buraid through his father that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) appointed anyone as leader of an army or detachment he would especially exhort him to fear Allah and to be good to the Muslims who were with him. He would say: Fight in the name of Allah and in the way of Allah. Fight against those who disbelieve in Allah. Make a holy war, do not embezzle the spoils; do not break your pledge; and do not mutilate (the dead) bodies; do not kill the children. When you meet your enemies who are polytheists, invite them to three courses of action. If they respond to any one of these, you also accept it and withold yourself from doing them any harm. Invite them to (accept) Islam; if they respond to you, accept it from them and desist from fighting against them. Then invite them to migrate from their lands to the land of Muhajirs and inform them that, if they do so, they shall have all the privileges and obligations of the Muhajirs. If they refuse to migrate, tell them that they will have the status of Bedouin Muslims and will be subjected to the Commands of Allah like other Muslims, but they will not get any share from the spoils of war or Fai' except when they actually fight with the Muslims (against the disbelievers). If they refuse to accept Islam, demand from them the Jizya. If they agree to pay, accept it from them and hold off your hands. If they refuse to pay the tax, seek Allah's help and fight them. When you lay siege to a fort and the besieged appeal to you for protection in the name of Allah and His Prophet, do not accord to them the guarantee of Allah and His Prophet, but accord to them your own guarantee and the guarantee of your companions for it is a lesser sin that the security given by you or your companions be disregarded than that the security granted in the name of Allah and His Prophet (ﷺ) be violated When you besiege a fort and the besieged want you to let them out in accordance with Allah's Command, do not let them come out in accordance with His Command, but do so at your (own) command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah's behest with regard to them.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The Commander of the Believers should address the military expedition at the time of dispatch and give them appropriate instructions.
➋
Although piety (taqwa) and sincerity (ikhlas) are necessary in every action, their importance is even greater in jihad, because it is an act in which the lives of Allah’s servants are taken and wealth is seized.
If the handling of others’ lives and wealth is not for the pleasure of Allah, then there can be no greater injustice than this.
➌
The primary objective in jihad is not to kill people, but rather to encourage people to accept the true religion or to remove obstacles from the path of those who wish to accept it. Therefore, if a disbeliever accepts Islam, this is also correct, because in this way he is deprived of the power to prevent others from accepting Islam.
➍
There are certain issues in which there is a difference between Muslims who have migrated (muhajirun) and those who have not migrated.
➎
Migration (hijrah) is from the territory of non-Muslims to the dominion of Muslims.
➏
The mujahideen can grant protection (aman) to non-Muslims.
➐
When granting protection, it should be done on one’s personal responsibility.
It is not correct to say that the protection is on the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger.
➑
It is permissible to besiege the enemy’s fortress during war.
➒
If those besieged are willing to accept the decision of the Muslim commander and to lay down their arms, then their demand should be accepted and they should be treated appropriately as prisoners of war.
➓
Depending on the circumstances, it is permissible to release prisoners of war for ransom or without ransom.
➊
The Commander of the Believers should address the military expedition at the time of dispatch and give them appropriate instructions.
➋
Although piety (taqwa) and sincerity (ikhlas) are necessary in every action, their importance is even greater in jihad, because it is an act in which the lives of Allah’s servants are taken and wealth is seized.
If the handling of others’ lives and wealth is not for the pleasure of Allah, then there can be no greater injustice than this.
➌
The primary objective in jihad is not to kill people, but rather to encourage people to accept the true religion or to remove obstacles from the path of those who wish to accept it. Therefore, if a disbeliever accepts Islam, this is also correct, because in this way he is deprived of the power to prevent others from accepting Islam.
➍
There are certain issues in which there is a difference between Muslims who have migrated (muhajirun) and those who have not migrated.
➎
Migration (hijrah) is from the territory of non-Muslims to the dominion of Muslims.
➏
The mujahideen can grant protection (aman) to non-Muslims.
➐
When granting protection, it should be done on one’s personal responsibility.
It is not correct to say that the protection is on the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger.
➑
It is permissible to besiege the enemy’s fortress during war.
➒
If those besieged are willing to accept the decision of the Muslim commander and to lay down their arms, then their demand should be accepted and they should be treated appropriately as prisoners of war.
➓
Depending on the circumstances, it is permissible to release prisoners of war for ransom or without ransom.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2858
