Hadith 368
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ جميعا ، عَنْ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ ، قَالَ : " كُنْتُ جَالِسًا مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى ، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى : يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَجْنَبَ فَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا ، كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ بِالصَّلَاةِ ؟ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : لَا يَتَيَمَّمُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ شَهْرًا ، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى : فَكَيْفَ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ فِي سُورَةِ الْمَائِدَةِ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا سورة المائدة آية 6 ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : لَوْ رُخِّصَ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ ، لَأَوْشَكَ إِذَا بَرَدَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَاءُ ، أَنْ يَتَيَمَّمُوا بِالصَّعِيدِ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ : أَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ قَوْلَ عَمَّارٍ ، بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَاجَةٍ ، فَأَجْنَبْتُ ، فَلَمْ أَجِدِ الْمَاءَ ، فَتَمَرَّغْتُ فِي الصَّعِيدِ كَمَا تَمَرَّغُ الدَّابَّةُ ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ بِيَدَيْكَ هَكَذَا ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِيَدَيْهِ الأَرْضَ ضَرْبَةً وَاحِدَةً ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ الشِّمَالَ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَظَاهِرَ كَفَّيْهِ وَوَجْهَهُ ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : أَوَلَمْ تَرَ عُمَرَ لَمْ يَقْنَعْ بِقَوْلِ عَمَّارٍ .
Shaqiq reported: I was sitting in the company of 'Abdullah and Abu Musa when Abu Musa said: 0 'Abdul Rahman (kunya of 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud), what would you like a man to do about the prayer if he experiences a seminal emission or has sexual intercourse but does not find water for a month? 'Abdullah said: He should not perform tayammum even if he does not find water for a month. 'Abdullah said: Then what about the verse in Sura Ma'ida: "If you do not find water, betake yourself to clean dust"? 'Abdullah said: If they were granted concession on the basis of this verse, there is a possibility that they would perform tayammum with dust on finding water very cold for themselves. Abu Musa said to 'Abdullah (RA) : You have not heard the words of 'Ammar: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent me on an errand and I had a seminal emission, but could find no water, and rolled myself in dust just as a beast rolls itself. I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then and made a mention of that to him and he (the Holy Prophet) said: It would have been enough for you to do thus. Then he struck the ground with his hands once and wiped his right hand with the help of his left hand and the exterior of his palms and his face. 'Abdullah said: Didn't you see that Umar was not fully satisfied with the words of 'Ammar only?
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وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ الْجَحْدَرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ ، عَنْ شَقِيقٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِقِصَّتِهِ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ : فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَقُولَ هَكَذَا ، وَضَرَبَ بِيَدَيْهِ إِلَى الأَرْضِ ، فَنَفَضَ يَدَيْهِ ، فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ ، وَكَفَّيْهِ " .
This hadith is narrated by Shaqiq with the same chain of transmitters but with the alteration of these words: He (the Holy Prophet) struck hands upon the earth, and then shook them and then wiped his face and palm.
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حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ : " أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَجْنَبْتُ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَاءً ، فَقَالَ : لَا تُصَلِّ ، فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ : أَمَا تَذْكُرُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِذْ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ ، فَأَجْنَبْنَا فَلَمْ نَجِدْ مَاءً ، فَأَمَّا أَنْتَ فَلَمْ تُصَلِّ ، وَأَمَّا أَنَا ، فَتَمَعَّكْتُ فِي التُّرَابِ وَصَلَّيْتُ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَكْفِيكَ أَنْ تَضْرِبَ بِيَدَيْكَ الأَرْضَ ، ثُمَّ تَنْفُخَ ، ثُمَّ تَمْسَحَ بِهِمَا وَجْهَكَ ، وَكَفَّيْكَ " ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَا عَمَّارُ ، قَالَ : إِنْ شِئْتَ لَمْ أُحَدِّثْ بِهِ ، قَالَ الْحَكَمُ ، وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ ذَرٍّ ، قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ ، فِي هَذَا الإِسْنَادِ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ الْحَكَمُ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : نُوَلِّيكَ مَا تَوَلَّيْتَ .
Abdul Rabmin bin Abza narrated it on the authority of his father that a man came to 'Umar and said: I am (at times) affected by seminal emission but find no water. He ('Umar) told him not to say prayer. 'Ammar then said. Do you remember, O Commander of the Faithful, when I and you were in a military detachment and we had had a seminal emission and did not find water (for taking bath) and you did not say prayer, but as for myself I rolled in dust and said prayer, and (when it was mentioned before) the Apostle (ﷺ) said: It was enough for you to strike the ground with your hands and then blow (the dust) and then wipe your face and palms. Umar said: 'Ammar, fear Allah. He said: If you so like, I would not narrate it. A hadith like this has been transmitted with the same chain of transmitters but for the words: 'Umar said: We hold you responsible for what you claim."
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وحَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاق بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ ذَرًّا ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى ، قَالَ : قَالَ الْحَكَمُ : وَقَدْ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبْزَى ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى عُمَرَ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَجْنَبْتُ ، فَلَمْ أَجِدْ مَاءً ، وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ وَزَادَ فِيهِ ، قَالَ عَمَّارٌ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، إِنْ شِئْتَ لِمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ حَقِّكَ ، لَا أُحَدِّثُ بِهِ أَحَدًا ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ ، حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ ، عَنْ ذَرٍّ .
'Abdul Rahman bin Abza mnated it on the authority of his father that a man came to Umar and said: I have had a seminal emission but I found no water, and the rest of the hadith is the same but with this addition: 'Amr said: O Commander of the Faithful, because of the right given to you by Allah over me, if you desire, I would not narrate this hadith to anyone.
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Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: (1)
From this hadith, it is understood that if water is not available, then for the state of major ritual impurity (janabah), the same dry ablution (tayammum) will suffice which serves as a substitute for ablution (wudu). That is, both hands will be struck once on the earth, and if straw or excess dust adheres to them, it will be blown off, and then the face and both hands up to the wrists will be wiped. With this, prayer may be performed.
(2)
The reason why Umar radi Allahu anhu was not content with the statement of Ammar radi Allahu anhu is that Ammar radi Allahu anhu had said, "You were also with me on that journey and this incident occurred in your presence." However, Umar radi Allahu anhu did not remember this incident, so he did not prevent Ammar radi Allahu anhu from narrating the hadith; he only denied his own presence. The position of Imam Ahmad rahimahullah, Imam Ishaq rahimahullah, and the hadith scholars is in accordance with this narration, and this is the correct and preferred view.
(3)
In the case of major ritual impurity (janabah), if water is not found, there is consensus (ijma') of the Ummah on performing tayammum and then offering prayer. Umar radi Allahu anhu and Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhuma, as a precautionary measure (blocking the means), did not permit tayammum in the case of janabah so that people would not misuse this concession. Otherwise, Umar radi Allahu anhu, Ammar radi Allahu anhu, and the other noble Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in would have prevented the narration of these ahadith.
From this hadith, it is understood that if water is not available, then for the state of major ritual impurity (janabah), the same dry ablution (tayammum) will suffice which serves as a substitute for ablution (wudu). That is, both hands will be struck once on the earth, and if straw or excess dust adheres to them, it will be blown off, and then the face and both hands up to the wrists will be wiped. With this, prayer may be performed.
(2)
The reason why Umar radi Allahu anhu was not content with the statement of Ammar radi Allahu anhu is that Ammar radi Allahu anhu had said, "You were also with me on that journey and this incident occurred in your presence." However, Umar radi Allahu anhu did not remember this incident, so he did not prevent Ammar radi Allahu anhu from narrating the hadith; he only denied his own presence. The position of Imam Ahmad rahimahullah, Imam Ishaq rahimahullah, and the hadith scholars is in accordance with this narration, and this is the correct and preferred view.
(3)
In the case of major ritual impurity (janabah), if water is not found, there is consensus (ijma') of the Ummah on performing tayammum and then offering prayer. Umar radi Allahu anhu and Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhuma, as a precautionary measure (blocking the means), did not permit tayammum in the case of janabah so that people would not misuse this concession. Otherwise, Umar radi Allahu anhu, Ammar radi Allahu anhu, and the other noble Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma'in would have prevented the narration of these ahadith.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 818
