Muslim

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
Ghulool:
Originally, this refers to betrayal in war booty (ghanimah),
then its usage was extended to every kind of betrayal.

Benefits and Issues:
Abdullah ibn Umar (radi Allahu anhu) said to Ibn Amir, as a form of reprimand and admonition:
You have been the governor of Basrah, and a ruler is liable to fall short in fulfilling the rights of Allah and the rights of the people,
and there can also be negligence regarding the public treasury (bayt al-mal).
Therefore, for such a person, the acceptance of supplication (du'a) becomes difficult.
Thus, you should repent and seek forgiveness (tawbah wa istighfar) and strive to make amends for any usurpation of rights,
so that your supplication may be accepted.

English Commentary:
1:
The word "taharah" (purification) is general and includes both ablution (wudu) and ritual bath (ghusl). That is, for prayer, purification from both major and minor ritual impurity (hadath akbar and asghar) is necessary. It is also clear that along with purification from both types of impurity (spiritual purification), physical purification (of the place, body, and clothing) is also required. Furthermore, the other conditions of prayer must also be fulfilled, such as facing the qiblah. It is not the case that after purification from only minor or major impurity, prayer would be valid without fulfilling the aforementioned conditions.

2:
This hadith indicates that ablution (wudu) is a condition for the validity of prayer, whether it is voluntary (nafl), obligatory (fard), or the funeral prayer (janazah).

3:
"The statement, 'This hadith is the most authentic and good in this chapter,'" is not intended to indicate the absolute authenticity of the hadith, but rather to convey that in this chapter, this narration is the best, even if it contains some weakness. This hadith is found in Sahih Muslim; however, the most authentic hadith in this chapter is that of Abu Hurayrah (radi Allahu anhu), which is found in both Sahih al-Bukhari (al-Wudu', chapter 135/2) and Sahih Muslim (al-Taharah 275/2), and it will also appear here with the author (no. 76). It should also be clear that when Imam al-Tirmidhi (rahimahullah) says, "In this chapter, hadith has also come from so-and-so," it does not mean that from those Companions, the narration is transmitted with exactly the same wording as in this chapter, but rather that, in general, a hadith with this subject and meaning is also reported from those Companions.

Benefits:

➊ «أمَا إِنِّى لَسْتُ بِأَغَشِهِم: .......» Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma’s statement on this occasion, “I am not more deceitful than them,” was intended as a rebuke and reprimand for those people who were praising and extolling Ibn Amir. This is because, at such a time, he needed to be advised regarding the Hereafter, turning to Allah, and repentance and seeking forgiveness, so that he would not become heedless of seeking forgiveness for his sins and repentance due to being praised. Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma had heard this hadith from the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam: “When you see people praising someone, throw dust on their faces.” Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma used to act upon this regularly.

[ديكهيں: الادب الــمـفــرد للبخارى رقم: 340، صحيح ابن حبان: 510/7، رقم: 5740]

➋ By purity is meant ablution (wudu) and ritual bath (ghusl). It is a condition for prayer that the one praying be free from minor impurity (hadath asghar), major impurity (hadath akbar), and external impurity. External impurity is removed by washing, minor impurity by ablution (wudu), and major impurity by ritual bath (ghusl). “Hadath” refers to a state in which it becomes necessary to perform ablution or ritual bath, such as when a person in a state of ablution passes wind or relieves himself, his ablution is no longer valid. This state is called minor impurity (hadath asghar). And if he has intercourse with his wife or experiences a wet dream, then this state is called major impurity (hadath akbar). In such a state, ritual bath (ghusl) is obligatory. The meaning of “not accepted” is that there is no reward for it, and if it is an obligatory prayer, its performance remains due upon the person. Regarding “property acquired through betrayal,” the word “ghulul” is used in the hadith, which refers to betrayal in war booty (mal ghaneemah). That is, if a fighter, before the war booty taken from the disbelievers is formally distributed among the fighters, takes something from it into his own possession, this is a betrayal of the collective wealth of the Muslims, which is a grave sin. Wealth acquired in this manner is included among unlawful earnings. Therefore, if it is spent in any good deed, it is not accepted by Allah. Just as it is necessary to consider lawful and unlawful means when spending wealth, it is likewise necessary to distinguish between lawful and unlawful means in acquiring wealth.