صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الجهاد والسيرThe Book of Jihad and Expeditions
باب الأَنْفَالِ:Chapter: Spoils of War
Hadith 1748
وحَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " أَخَذَ أَبِي مِنَ الْخُمْسِ سَيْفًا ، فَأَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : هَبْ لِي هَذَا " ، فَأَبَى فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ سورة الأنفال آية 1 .
A hadith has been narrated by Mus'ab bin Sa'd who heard it from his father as saying: My father took a sword from Khums and brought it to the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and said: Grant it to me. He refused. At this Allah revealed (the Qur'anic verse): "They ask thee concerning the spoils of war. Say: The spoils of war are for Allah and the Apostle" (viii. 1).
• • •
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ أَرْبَعُ آيَاتٍ أَصَبْتُ سَيْفًا ، فَأَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، نَفِّلْنِيهِ ؟ ، فَقَالَ : ضَعْهُ ، ثُمَّ قَامَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ ، ثُمَّ قَامَ ، فَقَالَ : نَفِّلْنِيهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ ، فَقَالَ : ضَعْهُ ، فَقَامَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، نَفِّلْنِيهِ أَأُجْعَلُ كَمَنْ لَا غَنَاءَ لَهُ ؟ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ " ، قَالَ : فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ سورة الأنفال آية 1 .
A hadith has been narrated by Mus'ab bin Sa'd who heard it from his father as saying: "Four verses of the Qur'an have been revealed about me. I found a sword (among the spoils of war). It was brought to the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) . He (my father) said: Messenger of Allah, bestow it upon me. The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) said: Place it there. Then he (my father) stood up and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to him: Place it from where you got it. (At this) he (my father) said again: Messenger of Allah, bestow it upon me. Shall I be treated like one who has no share in (the booty)? The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace be upon him said: Place it from where you got it. At this was revealed the verse: "They ask thee about the spoils of war.... Say: The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger"
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حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي مُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّهُ نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ آيَاتٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ ، قَالَ : " حَلَفَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدٍ أَنْ لَا تُكَلِّمَهُ أَبَدًا حَتَّى يَكْفُرَ بِدِينِهِ ، وَلَا تَأْكُلَ وَلَا تَشْرَبَ ، قَالَتْ : زَعَمْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ وَصَّاكَ بِوَالِدَيْكَ ، وَأَنَا أُمُّكَ وَأَنَا آمُرُكَ بِهَذَا ، قَالَ : مَكَثَتْ ثَلَاثًا حَتَّى غُشِيَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْجَهْدِ ، فَقَامَ ابْنٌ لَهَا ، يُقَالُ لَهُ عُمَارَةُ ، فَسَقَاهَا فَجَعَلَتْ تَدْعُو عَلَى سَعْدٍ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الْقُرْآنِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ : وَوَصَّيْنَا الإِنْسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا سورة العنكبوت آية 8 وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي سورة لقمان آية 15 وَفِيهَا وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا سورة لقمان آية 15 ، قَالَ : وَأَصَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ غَنِيمَةً عَظِيمَةً ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا سَيْفٌ ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَأَتَيْتُ بِهِ الرَّسُولَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ : نَفِّلْنِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ ، فَأَنَا مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ حَالَهُ ، فَقَالَ : رُدُّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُلْقِيَهُ فِي الْقَبَضِ لَامَتْنِي نَفْسِي ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَعْطِنِيهِ ، قَالَ فَشَدَّ لِي صَوْتَهُ : رُدُّهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ ، قَالَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الأَنْفَالِ سورة الأنفال آية 1 ، قَالَ : وَمَرِضْتُ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَتَانِي ، فَقُلْتُ : دَعْنِي أَقْسِمْ مَالِي حَيْثُ شِئْتُ ، قَالَ : فَأَبَى ، قُلْتُ : فَالنِّصْفَ ، قَالَ : فَأَبَى ، قُلْتُ : فَالثُّلُثَ ، قَالَ : فَسَكَتَ ، فَكَانَ بَعْدُ الثُّلُثُ جَائِزًا ، قَالَ : وَأَتَيْتُ عَلَى نَفَرٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ ، وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، فَقَالُوا : تَعَالَ نُطْعِمْكَ وَنَسْقِكَ خَمْرًا ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُحَرَّمَ الْخَمْرُ ، قَالَ : فَأَتَيْتُهُمْ فِي حَشٍّ ، وَالْحَشُّ الْبُسْتَانُ ، فَإِذَا رَأْسُ جَزُورٍ مَشْوِيٌّ عِنْدَهُمْ وَزِقٌّ مِنْ خَمْرٍ ، قَالَ : فَأَكَلْتُ وَشَرِبْتُ مَعَهُمْ ، قَالَ : فَذَكَرْتُ الْأَنْصَارَ ، وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ عِنْدَهُمْ ، فَقُلْتُ : الْمُهَاجِرُونَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ ، قَالَ : فَأَخَذَ رَجُلٌ أَحَدَ لَحْيَيِ الرَّأْسِ ، فَضَرَبَنِي بِهِ فَجَرَحَ بِأَنْفِي ، فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيَّ يَعْنِي نَفْسَهُ شَأْنَ الْخَمْرِ : إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالأَنْصَابُ وَالأَزْلامُ رِجْسٌ مِنْ عَمَلِ الشَّيْطَانِ سورة المائدة آية 90 .
Mus'ab bin Sa'd reported on the authority of his father that many verses of the Qur'an had been revealed in connection with him. His mother Umm Sa'd had taken oath that she would never talk with him until he abandoned his faith and she neither ate nor drank and said: Allah has commanded you to treat well your parents and I am your mother and I command you to do this. She passed three days in this state until she fainted because of extreme hunger and at that time her son whose name was Umara stood up and served her drink and she began to curse Sa'd that Allah, the Exalted and Glorions, revealed these verses of the Holy Qur'an:" And We have enjoined upon a person goodness to his parents but if they contend with thee to associate (others) with Me of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not" (xxix. 8) ; Treat thein with customary good in this world" (xxxi. 15). He also reported that there fell to the lot of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) huge spoils of war and there was one sword in them. I picked that up and came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said: Bestow this sword upon me (as my share in the spoils of war) and you know my state. Thereupon he said: Return it to the place from where you picked it up. I went back until I decided to throw it in a store but my soul repulsed me so I came back and asked him to give that sword to me. He said in a loud voice to return it to the place from where I had picked it up. It was on this occasion that this verse was revealed:" They asked about the spoils of war" (viii. 1). He further said: I once fell ill and sent a message to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) . He visited me and I said to him: Permit me to distribute (in charity) my property as much as I like. He did not agree. I said: (Permit me to distribute) half of it. He did not agree. I said: (Permit me to distribute) the third part, whereupon he kept quiet and it was after this (that the distribution of one's property in charity) to the extent of one-third was held valid. He further said: I came to a group of persons of the Ansir and Muhajirin and they said: Come, so that we may serve you wine, and it was before the use of wine had been prohibited. I went to them in a garden and there had been with them the roasted head of a camel and a small water-skin containing wine. I ate and drank along with them and there came under discussion the Ansr (Helpers) and Muhajirin (immigrants). I said: The immigrants are better than the Ansar, that a person picked up a portion of the head (of the camel and struck me with it that my nose was injured. I came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and informed him of the situation that Aliah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed verses pertaining to wine:" Intoxicants and the games of chance and (sacrificing to) stones set up and (divining by) arrows are only an uncleanliness, the devil's work" (v. 90).
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حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : أُنْزِلَتْ فِيَّ أَرْبَعُ آيَاتٍ ، وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَى حَدِيثِ زُهَيْرٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ ، قَالَ : فَكَانُوا إِذَا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يُطْعِمُوهَا شَجَرُوا فَاهَا بِعَصًا ثُمَّ أَوْجَرُوهَا ، وَفِي حَدِيثِهِ أَيْضًا ، فَضَرَبَ بِهِ أَنْفَ سَعْدٍ فَفَزَرَهُ ، وَكَانَ أَنْفُ سَعْدٍ مَفْزُورًا .
This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Simak and the hadith transmitted on the authority of Shu'bah (the words are): When they intended to feed her (Sa'd'. s mother), they opened her mouth with the help of a stick and then put the feed in her mouth, and in the same hadith the words are: He struck the nose of Sa'd and it was injured and Sa'd had (the mark) of wound on his nose.
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: (1)
Anfal:
This is the plural of "nafl," which means surplus or addition. However, what is meant here? The scholars have the following differences regarding this:
(1)
By "anfal" is meant the spoils of war (ghanā’im), over which Allah gave the right of disposal to the Messenger. In this sense, this verse would be considered abrogated, because later, four shares of the spoils were allotted to the warriors, and the fifth share was left to the discretion of the Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. See Hadith number (4556).
(2)
By "anfal" is meant the "khums" (the fifth share), not the entire spoils of war. In this case, this verse would not be considered abrogated.
(3)
By "anfal" is meant "fay’," that is, the wealth which comes to the Muslims from the disbelievers without battle or fighting. In this, the Prophet could dispose as he wished.
(4)
By "anfal" is meant that gift or reward which the Imam grants to someone for good performance.
(5)
By "anfal" is meant that gift or reward which the Imam gives additionally to a detachment when he sends them on a special mission separate from the main army.
(2)
Sa‘d radi Allahu anhu took a sword from the spoils of war. It was referred to as "khums" because after the Battle of Badr, when there arose a dispute regarding the distribution of spoils and the rulings concerning it were revealed in the Noble Qur’an, whatever was given to a warrior as a gift or reward was counted from the "khums." Since the rulings had not yet been revealed at that time, and through the verse of Anfal, the authority was given to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam granted that sword to Sa‘d radi Allahu anhu.
Anfal:
This is the plural of "nafl," which means surplus or addition. However, what is meant here? The scholars have the following differences regarding this:
(1)
By "anfal" is meant the spoils of war (ghanā’im), over which Allah gave the right of disposal to the Messenger. In this sense, this verse would be considered abrogated, because later, four shares of the spoils were allotted to the warriors, and the fifth share was left to the discretion of the Messenger sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. See Hadith number (4556).
(2)
By "anfal" is meant the "khums" (the fifth share), not the entire spoils of war. In this case, this verse would not be considered abrogated.
(3)
By "anfal" is meant "fay’," that is, the wealth which comes to the Muslims from the disbelievers without battle or fighting. In this, the Prophet could dispose as he wished.
(4)
By "anfal" is meant that gift or reward which the Imam grants to someone for good performance.
(5)
By "anfal" is meant that gift or reward which the Imam gives additionally to a detachment when he sends them on a special mission separate from the main army.
(2)
Sa‘d radi Allahu anhu took a sword from the spoils of war. It was referred to as "khums" because after the Battle of Badr, when there arose a dispute regarding the distribution of spoils and the rulings concerning it were revealed in the Noble Qur’an, whatever was given to a warrior as a gift or reward was counted from the "khums." Since the rulings had not yet been revealed at that time, and through the verse of Anfal, the authority was given to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam granted that sword to Sa‘d radi Allahu anhu.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 4556
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: (1)
The four verses that were revealed concerning Hazrat Sa'd radi Allahu anhu, the Imam will mention them ahead in the Book of Virtues (Kitab al-Fada'il), namely: dutifulness and good conduct towards parents (birr al-walidayn), the prohibition of wine, the verse ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم﴾ ("And do not drive away those who call upon their Lord"), do not rebuff those who call upon their Lord, and the verse of al-Anfal.
(2)
Hazrat Sa'd radi Allahu anhu played a significant role in the Battle of Badr. He had killed Sa'id ibn al-As, one of the prominent warriors of the disbelievers of Quraysh. Therefore, he believed that he had a right to his sword. Furthermore, his brother Umair had also been killed, so he was greatly distressed and desirous of his (Sa'id's) acceptance of faith. For this reason, he insisted greatly on taking the sword.
The four verses that were revealed concerning Hazrat Sa'd radi Allahu anhu, the Imam will mention them ahead in the Book of Virtues (Kitab al-Fada'il), namely: dutifulness and good conduct towards parents (birr al-walidayn), the prohibition of wine, the verse ﴿وَلَا تَطْرُدِ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ رَبَّهُم﴾ ("And do not drive away those who call upon their Lord"), do not rebuff those who call upon their Lord, and the verse of al-Anfal.
(2)
Hazrat Sa'd radi Allahu anhu played a significant role in the Battle of Badr. He had killed Sa'id ibn al-As, one of the prominent warriors of the disbelievers of Quraysh. Therefore, he believed that he had a right to his sword. Furthermore, his brother Umair had also been killed, so he was greatly distressed and desirous of his (Sa'id's) acceptance of faith. For this reason, he insisted greatly on taking the sword.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 4557
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
Because this is still from such spoils of war (mal-e-ghanimat) whose distribution has not yet taken place, so how can I give it to you?
2:
Because now, in the distribution (as khums), it has come into my share.
3:
These people ask you about the ruling concerning spoils of war (al-anfal: 1)
1:
Because this is still from such spoils of war (mal-e-ghanimat) whose distribution has not yet taken place, so how can I give it to you?
2:
Because now, in the distribution (as khums), it has come into my share.
3:
These people ask you about the ruling concerning spoils of war (al-anfal: 1)
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3079
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
In the well-known recitation, (يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنفَالِ) means:
People ask you about the ruling concerning spoils of war (ghanā’im).
And in the recitation of Ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu, (يَسْأَلُونَكَ النَّفْل) is translated as:
People ask you, O Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, about the voluntary (nafl) [reward].
(i.e., about an additional reward or bounty)
In the well-known recitation, (يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنفَالِ) means:
People ask you about the ruling concerning spoils of war (ghanā’im).
And in the recitation of Ibn Mas‘ud radi Allahu anhu, (يَسْأَلُونَكَ النَّفْل) is translated as:
People ask you, O Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, about the voluntary (nafl) [reward].
(i.e., about an additional reward or bounty)
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2740
