صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الجهاد والسيرThe Book of Jihad and Expeditions
باب جَوَازِ الإِغَارَةِ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ الَّذِينَ بَلَغَتْهُمْ دَعْوَةُ الإِسْلاَمِ مِنْ غَيْرِ تَقَدُّمِ الإِعْلاَمِ بِالإِغَارَةِ:Chapter: Permissibility of raiding the Kuffar, who have been reached with the call of Islam, without giving prior warning
Hadith 1730
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَي بْنُ يَحْيَي التَّمِيمِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ أَخْضَرَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ ، قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ " أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ ، قَالَ : فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ ، قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ ، وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ " ، قَالَ يَحْيَى : أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ جُوَيْرِيَةَ ، أَوَ قَالَ : الْبَتَّةَ ابْنَةَ الْحَارِثِ ، وَحَدَّثَنِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَكَانَ فِي ذَاكَ الْجَيْشِ ،
Ibn 'Aun reported: I wrote to Nafi' inquiring from him whether it was necessary to extend (to the disbelievers) an invitation to accept (Islam) before meeting them in fight. He wrote (in reply) to me that it was necessary in the early days of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) made a raid upon Banu Mustaliq while they were unaware and their cattle were having a drink at the water. He killed those who fought and imprisoned others. On that very day, he captured Juwairiya bint al-Harith. Nafi' said that this tradition was related to him by'Abdullah bin 'Umar (RA) who (himself) was among the raiding troops.
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وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَوْنٍبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ مِثْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ : جُوَيْرِيَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ وَلَمْ يَشُكَّ .
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Aun and the name of Juwairiya bint al-Harith was mentioned beyond any doubt.
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Juwairiyah radi Allahu anha was the daughter of Harith ibn Abi Dhirar.
Her father was the chief of the Banu Mustaliq.
It is said that at first she came into the share of Thabit ibn Qays.
He made her a mukatabah (entered into a contract of manumission with her).
The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam paid the amount of her contract and married her, and due to the Prophet’s sallallahu alayhi wa sallam marriage to her, the people freed all the captives of Banu Mustaliq, thinking that they had become relatives of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
(Wahidi)
Banu Mustaliq was an Arab tribe that was enslaved.
From this, the relevance to the chapter is established: that Arabs too can be taken as slave women and men,
if they are disbelievers and come to fight against the Islamic government.
Juwairiyah radi Allahu anha was the daughter of Harith ibn Abi Dhirar.
Her father was the chief of the Banu Mustaliq.
It is said that at first she came into the share of Thabit ibn Qays.
He made her a mukatabah (entered into a contract of manumission with her).
The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam paid the amount of her contract and married her, and due to the Prophet’s sallallahu alayhi wa sallam marriage to her, the people freed all the captives of Banu Mustaliq, thinking that they had become relatives of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam.
(Wahidi)
Banu Mustaliq was an Arab tribe that was enslaved.
From this, the relevance to the chapter is established: that Arabs too can be taken as slave women and men,
if they are disbelievers and come to fight against the Islamic government.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2541
Shaykh Abdul Sattar al-Hammad
Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Banu Mustaliq is an Arab tribe that was taken as captives. Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established from this hadith that Arabs too can be taken as slave women and men, provided they are disbelievers and come to fight against the Islamic government. This is the preferred opinion. However, some scholars hold the view that, due to the nobility of the Arabs, they should not be taken as slave women or men.
(2)
From this hadith, it is established that the children of Arabs can also be taken as captives. When the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam married Lady Juwayriyyah radi Allahu anha, the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum freed all the captives of Banu Mustaliq, because they had now become related to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam by marriage. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
(1)
Banu Mustaliq is an Arab tribe that was taken as captives. Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established from this hadith that Arabs too can be taken as slave women and men, provided they are disbelievers and come to fight against the Islamic government. This is the preferred opinion. However, some scholars hold the view that, due to the nobility of the Arabs, they should not be taken as slave women or men.
(2)
From this hadith, it is established that the children of Arabs can also be taken as captives. When the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam married Lady Juwayriyyah radi Allahu anha, the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum freed all the captives of Banu Mustaliq, because they had now become related to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam by marriage. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
Source: Hidayat al-Qari: Commentary on Sahih Bukhari, Urdu, Page: 2541
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه البخاري، العتق، باب من ملك من العرب رقيقا فوهب وباع...، حديث:2541، ومسلم، الجهاد والسير، باب جواز الإغارة علي الكفار...، حديث:1730.»©Explanation:
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) received information that these people intended to fight him, he reached them by night and launched such a surprise attack that ten of their men were killed and all the remaining men and women were taken captive; not a single one of them was left behind.
In this battle, only one Muslim was martyred.
It was in this very encounter that Juwayriyyah (radi Allahu anha) was taken captive.
She initially came into the share of Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shamas (radi Allahu anhu).
Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) entered into a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with her.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself paid her contract of manumission and married her.
When people heard that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had taken Juwayriyyah into his household, they freed her captives.
Because of her marriage, one hundred members of her family were set free, as they had become the in-laws of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Thus, Juwayriyyah (radi Allahu anha) proved to be a great blessing for her people.
This is the very expedition in which the incident of Ifk occurred.
Some details of this incident have already been mentioned previously.
«أخرجه البخاري، العتق، باب من ملك من العرب رقيقا فوهب وباع...، حديث:2541، ومسلم، الجهاد والسير، باب جواز الإغارة علي الكفار...، حديث:1730.»©Explanation:
When the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) received information that these people intended to fight him, he reached them by night and launched such a surprise attack that ten of their men were killed and all the remaining men and women were taken captive; not a single one of them was left behind.
In this battle, only one Muslim was martyred.
It was in this very encounter that Juwayriyyah (radi Allahu anha) was taken captive.
She initially came into the share of Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shamas (radi Allahu anhu).
Thabit (radi Allahu anhu) entered into a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with her.
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) himself paid her contract of manumission and married her.
When people heard that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) had taken Juwayriyyah into his household, they freed her captives.
Because of her marriage, one hundred members of her family were set free, as they had become the in-laws of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
Thus, Juwayriyyah (radi Allahu anha) proved to be a great blessing for her people.
This is the very expedition in which the incident of Ifk occurred.
Some details of this incident have already been mentioned previously.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 1088
