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صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب القسامةThe Book of Oaths
باب نَدْبِ مَنْ حَلَفَ يَمِينًا فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَيُكَفِّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ:Chapter: It is recommended for the one who swears an oath then sees that something else is better than it; To do that which is better and offer expiation for his oath
Hadith 1651
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ ، قَالَ : " جَاءَ سَائِلٌ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ فَسَأَلَهُ نَفَقَةً فِي ثَمَنِ خَادِمٍ أَوْ فِي بَعْضِ ثَمَنِ خَادِمٍ ، فَقَالَ : لَيْسَ عِنْدِي مَا أُعْطِيكَ إِلَّا دِرْعِي وَمِغْفَرِي ، فَأَكْتُبُ إِلَى أَهْلِي أَنْ يُعْطُوكَهَا ، قَالَ : فَلَمْ يَرْضَ فَغَضِبَ عَدِيٌّ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أُعْطِيكَ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ رَضِيَ ، فَقَالَ : أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ رَأَى أَتْقَى لِلَّهِ مِنْهَا ، فَلْيَأْتِ التَّقْوَى مَا حَنَّثْتُ يَمِينِي " .
Tamim bin Tarafa reported: A beggar came to 'Adi bin Hatim and he begged him to give him the price of a slave, or some portion of the price of the slave. He ('Adi) said: I have nothing to give you except my coat-of-mail and helmet. I will, however, write to my family to give that to you, but he did not agree to that. Thereupon 'Adi was enraged, and said: By Allah, I will not give you anything. The person (then) agreed to accept that, whereupon he said: By Allah, had I not heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying: "He who took an oath, but then found something more pious in the sight of Allah, he should (break the oath) and do that which is more pious," I would not have broken the oath (and thus paid you anything).
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وحَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا ، فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيَتْرُكْ يَمِينَهُ " .
'Adi bin Hatim reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who took an oath, but he found something else better than that, should do that which is better and break his oath.
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حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ طَرِيفٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الطَّائِيِّ ، عَنْ عَدِيٍّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِذَا حَلَفَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ فَرَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا ، فَلْيُكَفِّرْهَا وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ " ،
'Adi reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: When anyone amongst you takes an oath, but he finds (something) better than that he should expiate (the breaking of the oath), and do that which is better.
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وحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ طَرِيفٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ ، عَنْ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ رُفَيْعٍ ، عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الطَّائِيِّ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ .
This hadith is reported on the authority of Adi bin Hatim through another chain of transmitters.
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حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، وَابْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ " وَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ ، فَقَالَ : تَسْأَلُنِي مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ حَاتِمٍ وَاللَّهِ لَا أُعْطِيكَ ، قَالَ : لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ رَأَى خَيْرًا مِنْهَا ، فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ " ،
Tamim bin Tarafa reported that he beard 'Adi bin Hatim say that a person came to him and asked for one hundred dirhams. He ('Adi) said: You asked Me for one hundred dirhams and I am the son of Hatim; by Allah, I will not give you. But then he said: (I would have done that) if I had not heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say: He who takes an oath, but then finds something better than that, should do that which is better.
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حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا بَهْزٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ تَمِيمَ بْنَ طَرَفَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ " أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَهُ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ وَلَكَ أَرْبَعمِائَة فِي عَطَائِي .
Tamim bin Tarafa reported: I heard 'Adi bin Hatim say that a person asked that and then narrated (the hadith) like one (mentioned above), but he made this addition: "Here are four hundred (dirhams) for you out of my gift."
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
In the previous ahadith, the mention of expiation (kaffarah) comes before breaking the oath, whereas in this hadith (and the forthcoming ahadith), breaking the oath is mentioned first and expiation afterwards. Thus, both are permissible. There is no explicit statement making either sequence obligatory. If one particular method were necessary, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would have explicitly instructed to adopt it, but he did not do so. In any case, this is the position of the majority of the scholars, and it is the correct one. Acting upon authentic ahadith is far better than acting upon analogical reasoning (qiyas).
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3816
