صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب البيوعThe Book of Transactions
باب كِرَاءِ الأَرْضِ:Chapter: Kira (leasing Land)
وحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ، أَنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ ، أَخْبَرَهُ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ ، يَقُولُ : " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ : الْمُزَابَنَةِ ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ " ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ : اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ : كِرَاءُ الْأَرْضِ .
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RA) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) having forbidden Mazabana and Muhaqala. Muzibana means the buying of fruits on the trees and Muhaqala is the renting of land.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Muhammad bin Amr, Umar bin Abu Salamah, and Yahya bin Abu Kathir have respectively mentioned the names of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, Abu Hurairah, and Jabir bin Abdullah (radi Allahu anhum), whereas Aswad bin Alaa, instead of the aforementioned, has mentioned Rafi' bin Khadij (radi Allahu anhu).
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3916
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication: [وأخرجه البخاري 2186، ومسلم 105/1546، من حديث مالك به]
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ In the explanation of this hadith, Hafiz Ibn Abd al-Barr said: There is consensus that when a narrator explains his own narration, that explanation is to be accepted, because he knows his narration better than anyone else. [التمهيد 2/313]
➋ It is prohibited to lease out a piece of land by specifying a particular portion of it in exchange for its produce or crops, but it is permissible to lease it in exchange for gold, silver (or money), as is established from the hadith of Sayyiduna Rafi‘ ibn Khadij radi Allahu anhu. See: [صحيح بخاري 2346، 2347، وصحيح مسلم 1547] and the upcoming hadith (162). Likewise, it is also permissible to lease land for a share of the total produce, such as half (nifṣ), etc. See [صحيح بخاري 2328، وصحيح مسلم 1551]. Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib rahimahullah also considered this permissible. [موطأ امام مالك 2/625 ح1356، وسنده صحيح]
➌ It is necessary to abstain from whatever the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has prohibited, unless there is a valid evidence or clear indication for its permissibility.
➍ In Islam, those transactions are prohibited in which there is a clear risk of harm to one of the parties.
Jurisprudential Points:
➊ In the explanation of this hadith, Hafiz Ibn Abd al-Barr said: There is consensus that when a narrator explains his own narration, that explanation is to be accepted, because he knows his narration better than anyone else. [التمهيد 2/313]
➋ It is prohibited to lease out a piece of land by specifying a particular portion of it in exchange for its produce or crops, but it is permissible to lease it in exchange for gold, silver (or money), as is established from the hadith of Sayyiduna Rafi‘ ibn Khadij radi Allahu anhu. See: [صحيح بخاري 2346، 2347، وصحيح مسلم 1547] and the upcoming hadith (162). Likewise, it is also permissible to lease land for a share of the total produce, such as half (nifṣ), etc. See [صحيح بخاري 2328، وصحيح مسلم 1551]. Sa‘id ibn al-Musayyib rahimahullah also considered this permissible. [موطأ امام مالك 2/625 ح1356، وسنده صحيح]
➌ It is necessary to abstain from whatever the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has prohibited, unless there is a valid evidence or clear indication for its permissibility.
➍ In Islam, those transactions are prohibited in which there is a clear risk of harm to one of the parties.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 158
