صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الطلاقThe Book of Divorce
باب بَيَانِ أَنَّ تَخْيِيرَ امْرَأَتِهِ لاَ يَكُونُ طَلاَقًا إِلاَّ بِالنِّيَّةِ:Chapter: Giving one's wife the choice does not count as a divorce, unless it is intended as such
وحدثنا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، حدثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ، حدثنا زَكَرِيَّاءُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، حدثنا أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَوَجَدَ النَّاسَ جُلُوسًا بِبَابِهِ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ ، قَالَ : فَأُذِنَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَدَخَلَ ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ ، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَالِسًا حَوْلَهُ نِسَاؤُهُ وَاجِمًا سَاكِتًا ، قَالَ : فقَالَ : لَأَقُولَنَّ شَيْئًا أُضْحِكُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، لَوْ رَأَيْتَ بِنْتَ خَارِجَةَ سَأَلَتْنِي النَّفَقَةَ ، فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهَا فَوَجَأْتُ عَنْقَهَا ، فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَقَالَ : " هُنَّ حَوْلِي كَمَا تَرَى يَسْأَلْنَنِي النَّفَقَةَ " ، فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى عَائِشَةَ يَجَأُ عَنْقَهَا ، فَقَامَ عُمَرُ إِلَى حَفْصَةَ يَجَأُ عَنْقَهَا ، كِلَاهُمَا يَقُولُ تَسْأَلْنَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا لَيْسَ عَنْدَهُ ، فَقُلْنَ : وَاللَّهِ لَا نَسْأَلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا أَبَدًا لَيْسَ عَنْدَهُ ، ثُمَّ اعْتَزَلَهُنَّ شَهْرًا أَوْ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ : يَأَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لأَزْوَاجِكَ ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنْكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا سورة الأحزاب آية 28 - 29 ، قَالَ : فَبَدَأَ بِعَائِشَةَ ، فقَالَ : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَعْرِضَ عَلَيْكِ أَمْرًا أُحِبُّ أَنْ لَا تَعْجَلِي فِيهِ حَتَّى تَسْتَشِيرِي أَبَوَيْكِ " ، قَالَت : وَمَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، فَتَلَا عَلَيْهَا الْآيَةَ ، قَالَت : أَفِيكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَسْتَشِيرُ أَبَوَيَّ ، بَلْ أَخْتَارُ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ ، وَأَسْأَلُكَ أَنْ لَا تُخْبِرَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ نِسَائِكَ بِالَّذِي قُلْتُ ، قَالَ : " لَا تَسْأَلُنِي امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ إِلَّا أَخْبَرْتُهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي مُعَنْتًا وَلَا مُتَعَنْتًا ، وَلَكِنْ بَعَثَنِي مُعَلِّمًا مُيَسِّرًا " .
Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RA) reported: Abu Bakr (RA) came and sought permission to see Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) . He found people sitting at his door and none amongst them had been granted permission, but it was granted to Abu Bakr (RA) and he went in. Then came 'Umar and he sought permission and it was granted to him, and he found Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) sitting sad and silent with his wives around him. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: I would say something which would make the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) laugh, so he said: Messenger of Allah, I wish you had seen (the treatment meted out to) the daughter of Khadija (RA) when you asked me some money, and I got up and slapped her on her neck. Allah's Messenger (mav peace be upon him) laughed and said: They are around me as you see, asking for extra money. Abu Bakr (RA) then got up went to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and slapped her on the neck, and 'Umar stood up before Hafsa and slapped her saying: You ask Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) which he does not possess. They said: By Allah, we do not ask Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for anything he does not possess. Then he withdrew from them for a month or for twenty-nine days. Then this verse was revealed to him:" Prophet: Say to thy wives... for a mighty reward" (xxxiii. 28). He then went first to 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) and said: I want to propound something to you, 'A'isha, but wish no hasty reply before you consult your parents. She said: Messenger of Allah, what is that? He (the Holy Prophet) recited to her the verse, whereupon she said: Is it about you that I should consult my parents, Messenger of Allah? (ﷺ) Nay, I choose Allah, His Messenger, and the Last Abode; but I ask you not to tell any of your wives what I have said He replied: Not one of them will ask me without my informing her. God did not send me to be harsh, or cause harm, but He has sent me to teach and make things easy.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
مُعَنَّتٌ:
One who puts (others) into hardship and difficulty.
(2)
مُتَعَنَّتٌ:
One who seeks slips and mistakes.
Benefits and Issues:
Allah, exalted is He, has naturally placed in the hearts of women a desire for jewelry and fine clothing.
And when, after the conquest of Khaybar, circumstances improved, this desire also arose in the hearts of the Mothers of the Believers (radi Allahu anhunna ajma‘een). However, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) wished that simplicity, asceticism, and contentment would remain in his household, and that love for the world would not develop in the hearts of his wives. Both Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) and Umar (radi Allahu anhu) also agreed with the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and each seized his own daughter, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade them from beating.
And Aisha (radi Allahu anha), out of the natural jealousy of women, requested that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) not tell any other wife about her words, as perhaps one of them might prefer separation from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
But he did not accept her request,
because the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not want any one of them to incline towards the adornment and beauty of the world.
If any woman, by exercising the delegation of divorce (tafwid al-talaq), chooses separation, then according to Imam Malik (rahimahullah) and Layth, it will be three (divorces);
according to Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah), it will be one irrevocable (bainah) divorce,
and the husband will not have the right to take her back;
and according to Imam Shafi‘i (rahimahullah) and Imam Ahmad, it will be one revocable (raj‘i) divorce.
The husband will have the right to take her back, and in the Shari‘ah, divorce is originally revocable, and according to the four Imams, the option (takhyir) is connected to the same session in which the choice was given, unless the husband grants some respite for consideration.
The humorous statement is attributed in some narrations to Umar (radi Allahu anhu), but in the hadith, the wording is (لَوْ رَأَيْتَ بِنْتَ خَارِجَة),
which refers to the wife of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had no wife named bint Kharijah or bint Zayd, so the correct view is that Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) is meant here; thus, it was Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) who seized his daughter Aisha’s neck before Umar.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
مُعَنَّتٌ:
One who puts (others) into hardship and difficulty.
(2)
مُتَعَنَّتٌ:
One who seeks slips and mistakes.
Benefits and Issues:
Allah, exalted is He, has naturally placed in the hearts of women a desire for jewelry and fine clothing.
And when, after the conquest of Khaybar, circumstances improved, this desire also arose in the hearts of the Mothers of the Believers (radi Allahu anhunna ajma‘een). However, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) wished that simplicity, asceticism, and contentment would remain in his household, and that love for the world would not develop in the hearts of his wives. Both Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) and Umar (radi Allahu anhu) also agreed with the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and each seized his own daughter, and the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) forbade them from beating.
And Aisha (radi Allahu anha), out of the natural jealousy of women, requested that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) not tell any other wife about her words, as perhaps one of them might prefer separation from the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
But he did not accept her request,
because the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not want any one of them to incline towards the adornment and beauty of the world.
If any woman, by exercising the delegation of divorce (tafwid al-talaq), chooses separation, then according to Imam Malik (rahimahullah) and Layth, it will be three (divorces);
according to Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah), it will be one irrevocable (bainah) divorce,
and the husband will not have the right to take her back;
and according to Imam Shafi‘i (rahimahullah) and Imam Ahmad, it will be one revocable (raj‘i) divorce.
The husband will have the right to take her back, and in the Shari‘ah, divorce is originally revocable, and according to the four Imams, the option (takhyir) is connected to the same session in which the choice was given, unless the husband grants some respite for consideration.
The humorous statement is attributed in some narrations to Umar (radi Allahu anhu), but in the hadith, the wording is (لَوْ رَأَيْتَ بِنْتَ خَارِجَة),
which refers to the wife of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu).
Umar (radi Allahu anhu) had no wife named bint Kharijah or bint Zayd, so the correct view is that Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) is meant here; thus, it was Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anhu) who seized his daughter Aisha’s neck before Umar.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 3690
