صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
باب بَيَانِ تَجَاوُزِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَنْ حَدِيثِ النَّفْسِ وَالْخَوَاطِرِ بِالْقَلْبِ إِذَا لَمْ تَسْتَقِّرَ وَبَيَانِ أَنَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى لَمْ يُكَلِّفْ إِلَّا مَا يُطَاقُ وَبَيَانِ حُكْمِ الْهَمِّ بِالْحَسَنَةِ وَبِالسَّيِّئَةِChapter: Clarification that Allah, most high allows a person's thoughts and whatever occurs in his heart, so long as they do not become established, and the clarification that he, glorious is he and most high, does not burden anyone with more than he can bear, and clarifying the ruling on thinking of doing good and bad deeds
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِنْهَالٍ الضَّرِيرُ ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامَ الْعَيْشِيُّ ، وَاللَّفْظُ لِأُمَيَّةَ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَال : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الأَرْضِ وَإِنْ تُبْدُوا مَا فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ يُحَاسِبْكُمْ بِهِ اللَّهُ فَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ سورة البقرة آية 284 ، قَالَ : فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ بَرَكُوا عَلَى الرُّكَبِ ، فَقَالُوا : أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كُلِّفْنَا مِنَ الأَعْمَالِ مَا نُطِيقُ ، الصَّلَاةُ ، وَالصِّيَامُ ، وَالْجِهَادُ ، وَالصَّدَقَةُ ، وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْكَ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ وَلَا نُطِيقُهَا ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقُولُوا كَمَا قَالَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابَيْنِ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ : سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا ، بَلْ قُولُوا : سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا ، وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ، قَالُوا : سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا ، وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ ، فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَأَهَا الْقَوْمُ ذَلَّتْ بِهَا أَلْسِنَتُهُمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي إِثْرِهَا آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ رُسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ سورة البقرة آية 285 ، فَلَمَّا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ ، نَسَخَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ " لا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلا وُسْعَهَا لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ رَبَّنَا لا تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِنْ نَسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا سورة البقرة آية 286 ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، رَبَّنَا وَلا تَحْمِلْ عَلَيْنَا إِصْرًا كَمَا حَمَلْتَهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا سورة البقرة آية 286 ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، رَبَّنَا وَلا تُحَمِّلْنَا مَا لا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِ سورة البقرة آية 286 ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، وَاعْفُ عَنَّا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا أَنْتَ مَوْلانَا فَانْصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ سورة البقرة آية 286 ، قَالَ : نَعَمْ " .
It is reported on the authority of Abu Hurairah (RA) that when it was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) : To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth and whether you disclose that which is in your mind or conceal it, Allah will call you to account according to it. Then He forgives whom He pleases and chastises whom He Pleases; and Allah is over everything Potent" (ii. 284). the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) felt it hard and severe and they came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and sat down on their knees and said: Messenger of Allah, we were assigned some duties which were within our power to perform, such as prayer, fasting, struggling (in the cause of Allah), charity. Then this (the above-mentioned) verse was revealed unto you and it is beyond our power to live up to it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Do you intend to say what the people of two books (Jews and Christians) said before you:" We hear and disobey"? You should rather say:" We hear and we obey, (we seek) Thy forgiveness, our Lord! and unto Thee is the return." And they said:" We hear and we obey, (we seek) Thy forgiveness, Our Lord! and unto Thee is the return." When the people recited it and it smoothly flowed on their tongues, then Allah revealed immediately afterwards:" The Apostle (ﷺ) believes in that which is sent down unto him from his Lord, and so do the believers. Each one believes in Allah and His Angels and His Books and His Apostles, saying: We differentiate not between any of His Apostles and they say: We hearken and we obey: (we seek) Thy forgiveness, our Lord! and unto Thee is the return" (ii. 285). When they did that, Allah abrogated this (verse) and the Great, Majestic Allah revealed:" Allah burdens not a soul beyond its capacity. It gets every good that it earns and it suffers every ill that it earns. Our Lord, punish us not if we forget or make a mistake." (The Prophet (ﷺ) said:) Yes, our Lord! do not lay on us a burden as Thou didst lay on those before us. (The Prophet (ﷺ) said:) Yes, our Lord, impose not on us (burdens) which we have not the strength to bear (The Prophet (ﷺ) said:) Yes, and pardon us and grant us protection! and have mercy on us. Thou art our Patron, so grant us victory over the disbelieving people" (ii. 286). He (the Lord) said: Yes.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
:
Naskh (نَسْخٌ):
The literal meaning is to remove,
to eliminate.
It is said:
"Naskhat al-shamsu al-zill" — "The sunlight removed the shadow."
The second meaning is: to copy,
as in:
"Nasakhtu al-kitab" — "I copied the book."
Benefits and Issues:
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) understood the (ma) in ﴿مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ﴾ as general,
that whatever thoughts (wasawis) come to the heart,
or whatever ideas occur,
or whatever beliefs and thoughts become established in the heart,
all are included in this.
Whereas the thoughts or wasawis that arise and pass in the heart
are not within a person’s control.
If there were accountability for these as well, then no human could escape accountability,
therefore this verse became a cause of extreme worry and anxiety for them,
and they presented themselves before the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),
whereas the apparent meaning was not intended.
Accountability is only for those thoughts, views, or beliefs and concepts that become established in the heart by a person’s conscious choice,
therefore you (the Prophet) replied:
Do not adopt the way of the People of the Book,
that even in matters within their control,
their response was "sami‘na wa ‘asayna" (we have heard but we will not obey).
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) submitted in full obedience,
so in the next verse, the apparent meaning was negated and the meaning of the first verse was clarified.
The change, alteration, or removal of the apparent meaning was termed as naskh,
but the meaning of abrogation of a ruling is not intended — that previously the ruling was that there would be accountability even for wasawis and thoughts
which are not within a person’s control, and then with ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّـهُ نَفْسًا﴾ this ruling was abrogated —
rather, Allah’s intent from the beginning was only for those beliefs and actions that become established in the heart.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
:
Naskh (نَسْخٌ):
The literal meaning is to remove,
to eliminate.
It is said:
"Naskhat al-shamsu al-zill" — "The sunlight removed the shadow."
The second meaning is: to copy,
as in:
"Nasakhtu al-kitab" — "I copied the book."
Benefits and Issues:
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) understood the (ma) in ﴿مَا فِي أَنفُسِكُمْ﴾ as general,
that whatever thoughts (wasawis) come to the heart,
or whatever ideas occur,
or whatever beliefs and thoughts become established in the heart,
all are included in this.
Whereas the thoughts or wasawis that arise and pass in the heart
are not within a person’s control.
If there were accountability for these as well, then no human could escape accountability,
therefore this verse became a cause of extreme worry and anxiety for them,
and they presented themselves before the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),
whereas the apparent meaning was not intended.
Accountability is only for those thoughts, views, or beliefs and concepts that become established in the heart by a person’s conscious choice,
therefore you (the Prophet) replied:
Do not adopt the way of the People of the Book,
that even in matters within their control,
their response was "sami‘na wa ‘asayna" (we have heard but we will not obey).
The noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) submitted in full obedience,
so in the next verse, the apparent meaning was negated and the meaning of the first verse was clarified.
The change, alteration, or removal of the apparent meaning was termed as naskh,
but the meaning of abrogation of a ruling is not intended — that previously the ruling was that there would be accountability even for wasawis and thoughts
which are not within a person’s control, and then with ﴿لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّـهُ نَفْسًا﴾ this ruling was abrogated —
rather, Allah’s intent from the beginning was only for those beliefs and actions that become established in the heart.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 329
