صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
باب كَوْنِ الإِسْلاَمِ يَهْدِمُ مَا قَبْلَهُ وَكَذَا الْهِجْرَةُ وَالْحَجُّ:Chapter: Islam destroys that which came before it, as do Hijrah (Emigration) and Hajj
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى الْعَنَزِيُّ وَأَبُو مَعْنٍ الرَّقَاشِيُّ وَإِسْحَاق بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ كلهم ، عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لِابْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، حَدَّثَنَا الضَّحَّاكُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَاصِمٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا حَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِمَاسَةَ الْمَهْرِيِّ، قَالَ : حَضَرْنَا عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ وَهُوَ فِي سِيَاقَةِ الْمَوْتِ ، فَبَكَى طَوِيلًا وَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى الْجِدَارِ ، فَجَعَلَ ابْنُهُ ، يَقُولُ : يَا أَبَتَاهُ ، أَمَا بَشَّرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِكَذَا ، أَمَا بَشَّرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِكَذَا ؟ قَالَ : فَأَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا نُعِدُّ ، شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ عَلَى أَطْبَاقٍ ثَلَاثٍ ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي وَمَا أَحَدٌ أَشَدَّ بُغْضًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنِّي ، وَلَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَدِ اسْتَمْكَنْتُ مِنْهُ فَقَتَلْتُهُ ، فَلَوْ مُتُّ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ ، لَكُنْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ ، فَلَمَّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الإِسْلَامَ فِي قَلْبِي ، أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ : ابْسُطْ يَمِينَكَ فَلأُبَايِعْكَ ، فَبَسَطَ يَمِينَهُ ، قَالَ : فَقَبَضْتُ يَدِي ، قَالَ : مَا لَكَ يَا عَمْرُو ؟ قَالَ : قُلْتُ : أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِطَ ، قَالَ : تَشْتَرِطُ بِمَاذَا ؟ قُلْتُ : أَنْ يُغْفَرَ لِي ، قَالَ : أَمَا عَلِمْتَ " أَنَّ الإِسْلَامَ يَهْدِمُ ، مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ وَأَنَّ الْهِجْرَةَ تَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلِهَا ، وَأَنَّ الْحَجَّ يَهْدِمُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ " ، وَمَا كَانَ أَحَدٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَا أَجَلَّ فِي عَيْنِي مِنْهُ ، وَمَا كُنْتُ أُطِيقُ أَنْ أَمْلَأَ عَيْنَيَّ مِنْهُ إِجْلَالًا لَهُ ، وَلَوْ سُئِلْتُ أَنْ أَصِفَهُ مَا أَطَقْتُ ، لِأَنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ أَمْلَأُ عَيْنَيَّ مِنْهُ ، وَلَوْ مُتُّ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ ، لَرَجَوْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ ، ثُمَّ وَلِينَا أَشْيَاءَ مَا أَدْرِي مَا حَالِي فِيهَا ، فَإِذَا أَنَا مُتُّ ، فَلَا تَصْحَبْنِي نَائِحَةٌ ، وَلَا نَارٌ ، فَإِذَا دَفَنْتُمُونِي ، فَشُنُّوا عَلَيَّ التُّرَابَ شَنًّا ، ثُمَّ أَقِيمُوا حَوْلَ قَبْرِي قَدْرَ مَا تُنْحَرُ جَزُورٌ ، وَيُقْسَمُ لَحْمُهَا حَتَّى أَسْتَأْنِسَ بِكُمْ ، وَأَنْظُرَ مَاذَا أُرَاجِعُ بِهِ رُسُلَ رَبِّي .
It is narrated on the authority of Ibn Shamasa Mahri that he said: We went to Amr bin al-'As and he was about to die. He wept for a long time and turned his face towards the wall. His son said: Did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (may peace be upon him not give you tidings of this? Did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) not give you tidings of this? He (the narrator) said: He turned his face (towards the audience) and said: The best thing which we can count upon is the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) . Verily I have passed through three phases. (The first one) in which I found myself averse to none else more than I was averse to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and there was no other desire stronger in me than the one that I should overpower him and kill him. Had I died in this state, I would have been definitely one of the denizens of Fire. When Allah instilled the love of Islam in my heart, I came to the Apostle (ﷺ) and said: Stretch out your right hand so that may pledge my allegiance to you. He stretched out his right hand, I withdrew my hand, He (the Holy Prophet) said: What has happened to you, O 'Amr? replied: I intend to lay down some condition. He asked: What condition do you intend to put forward? I said: should be granted pardon. He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Are you not aware of the fact that Islam wipes out all the previous (misdeeds)? Verily migration wipes out all the previous (misdeeds), and verily the pilgrimage wipes out all the (previous) misdeeds. And then no one as or dear to me than the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and none was more sublime in my eyes than he, Never could I, pluck courage to catch a full glimpse of his face due to its splendour. So if I am asked to describe his features, I cannot do that for I have not eyed him fully. Had I died in this state had every reason to hope that I would have bee among the dwellers of Paradise. Then we were responsible for certain things (in the light of which) I am unable to know what is in store for me. When I die, let neither female mourner nor fire accompany me. When you bury me, fill my grave well with earth, then stand around it for the time within which a camel is slaughtered and its meat is distributed so that I may enjoy your intimacy and (in your company) ascertain what answer I can give to the messengers (angels) of Allah.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Siyāq al-mawt:
The coming of death,
The nearness of death.
(2)
Aṭbāq:
Plural of ṭabaq,
State or condition.
(3)
Istamkantu:
So that I may obtain power and ability.
(4)
Derived from makna (quwwah, strength).
(5)
Absut yamīnak:
Extend your right hand.
(6)
Yahdimu mā qablahu:
It erases or removes previous effects,
That is, previous sins are forgiven.
(7)
Ijlāl:
Derived from jalālah,
Greatness and majesty.
(8)
An aṣifahu:
That I describe your appearance and form.
(9)
Shunnū ‘alayya at-turāb:
To throw earth upon me.
(10)
Nā’iḥah:
A woman who wails and mourns.
(11)
Jazūr:
A she-camel that is slaughtered.
Benefits and Issues:
(1)
From this hadith, the greatness and status of Islam,
Hijrah (migration), and Hajj are evident.
If these acts are performed with sincerity and good intention, all previous sins are forgiven, and a person, purified from the evil effects of sins, attains the motivation to do good deeds.
Upon embracing Islam, the most detested person becomes the most beloved.
(2)
In the era of ignorance (Jāhiliyyah), women who mourned would be sent with the deceased to express his greatness and status,
And fire would also be taken along to indicate his generosity and munificence.
Islam abolished this custom of Jāhiliyyah.
(3)
Those present should throw earth upon the grave,
And after burying the deceased, it is Sunnah to remain at the grave for a while and supplicate for steadfastness.
However, this does not prove that the deceased hears the conversation that takes place at the grave.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Siyāq al-mawt:
The coming of death,
The nearness of death.
(2)
Aṭbāq:
Plural of ṭabaq,
State or condition.
(3)
Istamkantu:
So that I may obtain power and ability.
(4)
Derived from makna (quwwah, strength).
(5)
Absut yamīnak:
Extend your right hand.
(6)
Yahdimu mā qablahu:
It erases or removes previous effects,
That is, previous sins are forgiven.
(7)
Ijlāl:
Derived from jalālah,
Greatness and majesty.
(8)
An aṣifahu:
That I describe your appearance and form.
(9)
Shunnū ‘alayya at-turāb:
To throw earth upon me.
(10)
Nā’iḥah:
A woman who wails and mourns.
(11)
Jazūr:
A she-camel that is slaughtered.
Benefits and Issues:
(1)
From this hadith, the greatness and status of Islam,
Hijrah (migration), and Hajj are evident.
If these acts are performed with sincerity and good intention, all previous sins are forgiven, and a person, purified from the evil effects of sins, attains the motivation to do good deeds.
Upon embracing Islam, the most detested person becomes the most beloved.
(2)
In the era of ignorance (Jāhiliyyah), women who mourned would be sent with the deceased to express his greatness and status,
And fire would also be taken along to indicate his generosity and munificence.
Islam abolished this custom of Jāhiliyyah.
(3)
Those present should throw earth upon the grave,
And after burying the deceased, it is Sunnah to remain at the grave for a while and supplicate for steadfastness.
However, this does not prove that the deceased hears the conversation that takes place at the grave.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 321
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication (Takhrij al-Hadith):
[صحیح مسلم 321]
Jurisprudence of the Hadith (Fiqh al-Hadith)
➊ It is established that during the lifetime of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, as well as after his passing, the pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah) to him and to the «اولوالامر» (leaders) was done with the right hand.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Busr radi Allahu anhu says:
«ترون كفي هذه، فأشهد أني وضعتها على كف محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم»
“You see this palm of mine; I bear witness that I placed it on the palm of (Sayyiduna) Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (for the pledge of allegiance).” [مسند أحمد 189/4 ح 17842 و سنده صحيح، وأخطأ من أعله، وأورده الضياء فى المختاره 59/9]
Therefore, shaking hands (musafahah) with the right hand only is permissible, legislated, and even superior.
A prominent Deobandi scholar, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, in response to a question about shaking hands, says:
“It is correct with one hand and also with both hands; both opinions are found in Kaukab al-Durri, vol. 2, p. 141.” [ملفوظات فقيه الامت ج7 ص23]
It is mentioned in Sahih al-Bukhari: «وصافح حماد بن زيد ابن المبارك بيديه»
“And Hammad bin Zayd shook hands with Ibn al-Mubarak using both hands.” [كتاب الاستئذان باب الاخذ باليدين قبل ح : 6265]
Therefore, if someone shakes hands with both hands, this is also permissible, but it is better, based on the general inference from the marfu‘ ahadith, to shake hands with only one (right) hand. «والله اعلم»
Benefit: Thabit al-Bunani rahimahullah says:
«كنا إذا أتينا أنس بن مالك، فإذا رآنا دعا بدهن طيب، فيمسح به يديه ليصافح به أخوانه»
“When we would come to Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik radi Allahu anhu, when he saw us, he would send for perfumed oil, then rub it on both his hands so that he could shake hands with his brothers with it (the perfumed oil).” [كتاب الزهد لابي حاتم الرازي ص76 وسنده صحيح]
In another chain of this narration, it is reported from Thabit al-Bunani rahimahullah that:
«أن انسا كان أصبح دهن يده بدهن طيب لمصافحة إخوانه»
Indeed, when morning came, Sayyiduna Anas radi Allahu anhu would apply perfumed oil to his hand so that he could shake hands with his brothers. [الادب المفرد و للبحاري : 1012 وسنده حسن]
It is not correct to be harsh in this matter. Whoever has reached a conclusion through research should act upon it; insha’Allah, he will be rewarded by Allah. Also see: [الادب المفرد للبخاري : 973 و سنده حسن]
➋ If a (non-Muslim from the land of war) disbeliever sincerely accepts Islam, all his previous sins are forgiven. Through Hajj and Hijrah, all minor sins are forgiven. For the forgiveness of major sins, repentance and returning the rights to their rightful owners is necessary.
➌ The request of Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As radi Allahu anhu for his forgiveness is a strong proof of his virtue. The statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is:
«ابنا العاص مؤمنان عمرو و هشام»
“The two sons of ‘As, Amr (bin al-‘As) and Hisham (bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhuma), are believers.” [مسند أحمد 304/2 ح 8029 و سنده حسن]
[صحیح مسلم 321]
Jurisprudence of the Hadith (Fiqh al-Hadith)
➊ It is established that during the lifetime of the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, as well as after his passing, the pledge of allegiance (bay‘ah) to him and to the «اولوالامر» (leaders) was done with the right hand.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Busr radi Allahu anhu says:
«ترون كفي هذه، فأشهد أني وضعتها على كف محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم»
“You see this palm of mine; I bear witness that I placed it on the palm of (Sayyiduna) Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam (for the pledge of allegiance).” [مسند أحمد 189/4 ح 17842 و سنده صحيح، وأخطأ من أعله، وأورده الضياء فى المختاره 59/9]
Therefore, shaking hands (musafahah) with the right hand only is permissible, legislated, and even superior.
A prominent Deobandi scholar, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, in response to a question about shaking hands, says:
“It is correct with one hand and also with both hands; both opinions are found in Kaukab al-Durri, vol. 2, p. 141.” [ملفوظات فقيه الامت ج7 ص23]
It is mentioned in Sahih al-Bukhari: «وصافح حماد بن زيد ابن المبارك بيديه»
“And Hammad bin Zayd shook hands with Ibn al-Mubarak using both hands.” [كتاب الاستئذان باب الاخذ باليدين قبل ح : 6265]
Therefore, if someone shakes hands with both hands, this is also permissible, but it is better, based on the general inference from the marfu‘ ahadith, to shake hands with only one (right) hand. «والله اعلم»
Benefit: Thabit al-Bunani rahimahullah says:
«كنا إذا أتينا أنس بن مالك، فإذا رآنا دعا بدهن طيب، فيمسح به يديه ليصافح به أخوانه»
“When we would come to Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik radi Allahu anhu, when he saw us, he would send for perfumed oil, then rub it on both his hands so that he could shake hands with his brothers with it (the perfumed oil).” [كتاب الزهد لابي حاتم الرازي ص76 وسنده صحيح]
In another chain of this narration, it is reported from Thabit al-Bunani rahimahullah that:
«أن انسا كان أصبح دهن يده بدهن طيب لمصافحة إخوانه»
Indeed, when morning came, Sayyiduna Anas radi Allahu anhu would apply perfumed oil to his hand so that he could shake hands with his brothers. [الادب المفرد و للبحاري : 1012 وسنده حسن]
It is not correct to be harsh in this matter. Whoever has reached a conclusion through research should act upon it; insha’Allah, he will be rewarded by Allah. Also see: [الادب المفرد للبخاري : 973 و سنده حسن]
➋ If a (non-Muslim from the land of war) disbeliever sincerely accepts Islam, all his previous sins are forgiven. Through Hajj and Hijrah, all minor sins are forgiven. For the forgiveness of major sins, repentance and returning the rights to their rightful owners is necessary.
➌ The request of Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As radi Allahu anhu for his forgiveness is a strong proof of his virtue. The statement of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam is:
«ابنا العاص مؤمنان عمرو و هشام»
“The two sons of ‘As, Amr (bin al-‘As) and Hisham (bin al-‘As radi Allahu anhuma), are believers.” [مسند أحمد 304/2 ح 8029 و سنده حسن]
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 28
