صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
باب الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ قَاتِلَ نَفْسِهِ لاَ يَكْفُرُ:Chapter: The evidence that the one who kills himself is not considered a disbeliever
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ جَمِيعًا ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ حَجَّاجٍ الصَّوَّافِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، أَنَّ الطُّفَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيَّ ، أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، هَلْ لَكَ فِي حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ وَمَنْعَةٍ ؟ قَالَ : حِصْنٌ كَانَ لِدَوْسٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ، فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلَّذِي ذَخَرَ اللَّهُ لِلأَنْصَارِ ، فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو ، وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ ، فَاجْتَوَوْا الْمَدِينَة َ ، فَمَرِضَ فَجَزِعَ فَأَخَذَ مَشَاقِصَ لَهُ فَقَطَعَ بِهَا بَرَاجِمَهُ ، فَشَخَبَتْ يَدَاهُ حَتَّى مَاتَ ، فَرَآهُ الطُّفَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍ وَفِي مَنَامِهِ فَرَآهُ ، وَهَيْئَتُهُ حَسَنَةٌ ، وَرَآهُ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : مَا صَنَعَ بِكَ رَبُّكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : غَفَرَ لِي بِهِجْرَتِي إِلَى نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : مَا لِي أَرَاكَ مُغَطِّيًا يَدَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ : قِيلَ لِي : لَنْ نُصْلِحَ مِنْكَ مَا أَفْسَدْتَ ، فَقَصَّهَا الطُّفَيْلُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اللَّهُمَّ وَلِيَدَيْهِ ، فَاغْفِرْ " .
It is narrated on the authority of Jabir that Tufail son of Amr al-Dausi came to the Apostle (ﷺ) and said: Do you need strong, fortified protection? The tribe of Daus had a fort in the pre-Islamic days. The Apostle (ﷺ) declined this offer, since it (the privilege of protecting the Holy Prophet) had already been reserved for the Ansar. When the Apostle (ﷺ) migrated to Madinah, Tufail son of Amr also migrated to that place, and there also migrated along with him a man of his tribe. But the climate of Madinah did not suit him, and he fell sick. He felt very uneasy. So he took hold of an iron head of an arrow and cut his finger-joints. The blood streamed forth from his hands, till he died. Tufail son of Amr saw him in a dream. His state was good and he saw him with his hands wrapped. He (Tufail) said to him: What treatment did your Allah accord to you? He replied. Allah granted me pardon for my migration to the Apostle (ﷺ) : He (Tufail) again said: What is this that I see you wrapping up your hands? He replied: I was told (by Allah): We would not set right anything of yours which you damaged yourself. Tufail narrated this (dream) to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) . Upon this he prayed: O Allah I grant pardon even to his hands.
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
هَلْ لَكَ فِي حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ:
Do you have a desire and inclination for a strong and fortified fortress? "Hisn Hasin" was a Roman fortress.
(2)
مَنْعَةٌ:
Strength, power, and protection,
or if it is the plural of "mani‘", then it would mean a group or detachment of guards.
(3)
فَاجْتَوَوُا:
To not prefer a place for oneself due to distress or illness.
According to some, without restriction,
to not prefer residing in a place,
(even if comfort and prosperity are available there).
This is derived from "jawa",
which is a disease of the stomach.
(4)
مَشَاقِصٌ:
The plural of "mishqas",
which, according to some, refers to an arrow with a long blade.
According to others, it is an arrow with a broad blade, and according to Imam Nawawi, "ma tala wa ‘aradha" — "that which is long and broad."
(5)
بَرَاجِم:
The plural of "barjama",
refers to the joints of the fingers.
(6)
شَخَبَتْ يَدَاهُ:
The blood flowed from both his hands.
Benefits and Issues:
(1)
Migration (hijrah) is a great virtue that becomes a cause for the forgiveness of a grave crime such as suicide,
which proves that even major sins can be forgiven and their perpetrator is not a disbeliever.
However, if for some reason forgiveness is not granted, then there will be punishment.
(2)
The positions of both the Khawarij/Mutazilah and the Murji’ah are incorrect;
a Muslim who commits a major sin is not condemned to Hell forever.
If Allah wills, He may forgive and send him straight to Paradise, or if He wills, He may admit him to Paradise after punishment.
Therefore, it is necessary to avoid sins.
(3)
A person is not independent and free in the use of his limbs and organs to treat them however he wishes.
Therefore, the buying and selling of human organs is not permissible,
except for risking one’s life solely for the pleasure of Allah.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
هَلْ لَكَ فِي حِصْنٍ حَصِينٍ:
Do you have a desire and inclination for a strong and fortified fortress? "Hisn Hasin" was a Roman fortress.
(2)
مَنْعَةٌ:
Strength, power, and protection,
or if it is the plural of "mani‘", then it would mean a group or detachment of guards.
(3)
فَاجْتَوَوُا:
To not prefer a place for oneself due to distress or illness.
According to some, without restriction,
to not prefer residing in a place,
(even if comfort and prosperity are available there).
This is derived from "jawa",
which is a disease of the stomach.
(4)
مَشَاقِصٌ:
The plural of "mishqas",
which, according to some, refers to an arrow with a long blade.
According to others, it is an arrow with a broad blade, and according to Imam Nawawi, "ma tala wa ‘aradha" — "that which is long and broad."
(5)
بَرَاجِم:
The plural of "barjama",
refers to the joints of the fingers.
(6)
شَخَبَتْ يَدَاهُ:
The blood flowed from both his hands.
Benefits and Issues:
(1)
Migration (hijrah) is a great virtue that becomes a cause for the forgiveness of a grave crime such as suicide,
which proves that even major sins can be forgiven and their perpetrator is not a disbeliever.
However, if for some reason forgiveness is not granted, then there will be punishment.
(2)
The positions of both the Khawarij/Mutazilah and the Murji’ah are incorrect;
a Muslim who commits a major sin is not condemned to Hell forever.
If Allah wills, He may forgive and send him straight to Paradise, or if He wills, He may admit him to Paradise after punishment.
Therefore, it is necessary to avoid sins.
(3)
A person is not independent and free in the use of his limbs and organs to treat them however he wishes.
Therefore, the buying and selling of human organs is not permissible,
except for risking one’s life solely for the pleasure of Allah.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 311
