صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الصيامThe Book of Fasting
باب جَوَازِ صَوْمِ النَّافِلَةِ بِنِيَّةٍ مِنَ النَّهَارِ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَجَوَازِ فِطْرِ الصَّائِمِ نَفْلاً مِنْ غَيْرِ عُذْرٍ:Chapter: It is permissible to observe a voluntary fast with an intention formed during the day before the sun reaches its Zenith, and it is permissible for one who is observing a voluntary fast to break his fast with no excuse, although it is better for him to complete it
Hadith 1154
وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كَامِلٍ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، حَدَّثَتْنِي عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، قَالَتْ : قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ ؟ " ، قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ ، قَالَ : " فَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ " ، قَالَتْ : فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ ، أَوْ جَاءَنَا زَوْرٌ ، قَالَتْ : فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ أَوْ جَاءَنَا زَوْرٌ ، وَقَدْ خَبَأْتُ لَكَ شَيْئًا ، قَالَ : " مَا هُوَ ؟ " ، قُلْتُ : حَيْسٌ ، قَالَ : " هَاتِيهِ " ، فَجِئْتُ بِهِ ، " فَأَكَلَ " ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " قَدْ كُنْتُ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا " ، قَالَ طَلْحَةُ فَحَدَّثْتُ مُجَاهِدًا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، فَقَالَ : ذَاكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الرَّجُلِ يُخْرِجُ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْضَاهَا ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَهَا .
'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her), reported that one day the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: 'A'isha, have you anything (to eat)? I said: 'Messenger of Allah, there is nothing with us. Thereupon he said: I am observing fast. She said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went out, and there was a present, for us and (at the same time) some visitors dropped in. When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came back, I said to him: Messenger of Allah, a present was given to us, (and in the meanwhile) there came to us visitors (a major Portion of it has been spent on them), but I have saved something for you. He said: What is it? I said: It is hasees (a compound of dates and clarified butter). He said: Bring that. So I brought it to him and he ate it and then said: I woke up in the morning observing fast. Talha said: I narrated this hadith to Mujahid and he said: This (observing of voluntary fast) is like a person who sets apart Sadaqa out of his wealth. He may spend it if he likes, or he may retain it if he so likes.
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وحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَحْيَى ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، قَالَتْ : دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ ، فَقَالَ : " هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ " ، فَقُلْنَا : لَا ، قَالَ : " فَإِنِّي إِذَنْ صَائِمٌ " ، ثُمَّ أَتَانَا يَوْمًا آخَرَ ، فَقُلْنَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أُهْدِيَ لَنَا حَيْسٌ ، فَقَالَ : " أَرِينِيهِ فَلَقَدْ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا ، فَأَكَلَ " .
'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her), reported: The Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) came to me one day and said: Is there anything with you (to eat)? I said: No. Thereupon he said: I shall then be fasting. Then he came to us another day and we said: Messenger of Allah, has been offered to us as a gift. Thereupon he said: Show that to me; I had been fasting since morning. He then ate it.
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Its explanation has already been mentioned previously that Qasim has reported Aisha bint Talha as the teacher of Talha instead of Mujahid. In a forthcoming hadith (2330), both are mentioned, as if both narrations are correct. Please refer to the clarification mentioned under Chapter: 67.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 2326
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: Two points are learned from the hadith of Aisha radi Allahu anha: firstly, that the intention (niyyah) for a voluntary fast (nafl) can be made during the day; secondly, that a voluntary fast can also be broken, and breaking a voluntary fast is neither a crime nor a sin.
This is the position of Imam Shafi’i rahimahullah, Imam Ahmad rahimahullah, and the hadith scholars (muhaddithin). Although it is recommended (mustahabb) to make up the fast in its place so that reward can be attained.
According to Imam Malik rahimahullah and Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, it is not permissible to break a voluntary fast; whoever does so is sinful, and making it up (qada) becomes obligatory upon him, because this is considered to render one’s deed null and void, which is not correct.
Because the one observing a voluntary fast is, according to the Shari’ah, at liberty: if he wishes, he may complete the fast, or if for some reason he wishes to break it, he may do so. He is not obligated to complete it; if he were obligated, then breaking it would indeed render the act null and void.
This is the position of Imam Shafi’i rahimahullah, Imam Ahmad rahimahullah, and the hadith scholars (muhaddithin). Although it is recommended (mustahabb) to make up the fast in its place so that reward can be attained.
According to Imam Malik rahimahullah and Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah, it is not permissible to break a voluntary fast; whoever does so is sinful, and making it up (qada) becomes obligatory upon him, because this is considered to render one’s deed null and void, which is not correct.
Because the one observing a voluntary fast is, according to the Shari’ah, at liberty: if he wishes, he may complete the fast, or if for some reason he wishes to break it, he may do so. He is not obligated to complete it; if he were obligated, then breaking it would indeed render the act null and void.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 2715
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
1:
A type of food that is prepared from dates, roasted barley flour (sattu), and clarified butter (ghee).
A type of food that is prepared from dates, roasted barley flour (sattu), and clarified butter (ghee).
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 734
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
There is a concession in voluntary (nafl) fasting that its intention (niyyah) can be made after Fajr, according to some, up until before midday (zawal).
Similarly, if someone has already made the intention for a voluntary fast, he may break it due to a valid excuse.
It is not necessary to make up (qada) for such a fast.
There is a concession in voluntary (nafl) fasting that its intention (niyyah) can be made after Fajr, according to some, up until before midday (zawal).
Similarly, if someone has already made the intention for a voluntary fast, he may break it due to a valid excuse.
It is not necessary to make up (qada) for such a fast.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2455
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ Completing a voluntary fast (nafl) is meritorious, and leaving it incomplete without a valid reason is also impermissible; however, in such a case, the person will not receive any reward.
➋ In the case of voluntary charity (nafl sadaqah), if one intends to give a certain amount but gives less at the time of giving, there is no sin upon him; only the reward will be reduced accordingly.
➌ To clarify a legal issue (mas’alah), one should explain it by giving an example of a similar issue.
➊ Completing a voluntary fast (nafl) is meritorious, and leaving it incomplete without a valid reason is also impermissible; however, in such a case, the person will not receive any reward.
➋ In the case of voluntary charity (nafl sadaqah), if one intends to give a certain amount but gives less at the time of giving, there is no sin upon him; only the reward will be reduced accordingly.
➌ To clarify a legal issue (mas’alah), one should explain it by giving an example of a similar issue.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1701
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
It is established from this hadith that breaking a voluntary fast (nafl) for the purpose of accepting an invitation is permissible. However, breaking an obligatory fast (fard) is prohibited.
It is established from this hadith that breaking a voluntary fast (nafl) for the purpose of accepting an invitation is permissible. However, breaking an obligatory fast (fard) is prohibited.
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 190
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
It is established from this hadith that making the intention (niyyah) for a voluntary (nafl) fast during the day is also permissible, with the condition that from the time of dawn (adhan) until that point in the day, nothing has been eaten or drunk. Countless hadith scholars (muhaddithin) have derived this ruling from this hadith.
It is established from this hadith that making the intention (niyyah) for a voluntary (nafl) fast during the day is also permissible, with the condition that from the time of dawn (adhan) until that point in the day, nothing has been eaten or drunk. Countless hadith scholars (muhaddithin) have derived this ruling from this hadith.
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 191
