صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الصيامThe Book of Fasting
باب صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ:Chapter: Fasting on the day of Ashura'
Hadith 1129
حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ خَطِيبًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَعْنِي فِي قَدْمَةٍ قَدِمَهَا خَطَبَهُمْ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ، فَقَالَ : أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ : " هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ ، وَلَمْ يَكْتُبْ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ ، وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ " ،
Abdul Rahman reported that he heard Mu'awiyahh bin Abu Sufyan (RA) delivering a sermon in Madinah. i. e. when he came there (for Hajj). He delivered a sermon on the day of 'Ashura and said: People of Madinah, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say on this very day: It is the day of 'Ashura. Allah has not made fasting on This day obligatory for you but I am fasting. He who likes to observe fast among you should do so, and he who likes not to observe it may not observe it.
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حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الطَّاهِرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ فِي هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ بِمِثْلِهِ ،
A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Ibn Shihab through the same chain of transmitters.
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وحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ، سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ : " إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ " ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ بَاقِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ وَيُونُسَ .
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Zuhri with the same chain of transmitters that be heard Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying on a similar day: I am fasting today, so he who wishes to observe fast should do so; but he did not make mention of the rest of the hadith.
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Takhrij al-Hadith: [وأخرجه البخاري 2003، ومسلم 129، من حديث ما لك به .]
Jurisprudential Explanation:
➊ There is no difference of opinion on this issue that fasting on ‘Ashura is Sunnah and virtuous, but it is neither obligatory nor compulsory. [ديكهئے التمهيد 203/7]
➋ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said regarding ‘Ashura: «أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ» I hope from Allah that through it the sins of the previous year are forgiven. [صحيح مسلم:1162]
➌ The narrator of the hadith about opposing the Jews in ‘Ashura, our master Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر و خالفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبري للبيهقي 287/4 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق:7839]
➍ Our master Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu loved the hadith of the Messenger so much that he would remain engaged in spreading hadith even on the pulpit. It is evident that the Companions considered hadith as a proof. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
➎ Scholars should always strive for the propagation of the Sunnah.
➏ Good rulers encourage scholars to spread knowledge and assist them in this.
Jurisprudential Explanation:
➊ There is no difference of opinion on this issue that fasting on ‘Ashura is Sunnah and virtuous, but it is neither obligatory nor compulsory. [ديكهئے التمهيد 203/7]
➋ The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said regarding ‘Ashura: «أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ» I hope from Allah that through it the sins of the previous year are forgiven. [صحيح مسلم:1162]
➌ The narrator of the hadith about opposing the Jews in ‘Ashura, our master Abdullah ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma, said: «صوموا التاسع والعاشر و خالفوا اليهود» Fast on the ninth and tenth and oppose the Jews. [السنن الكبري للبيهقي 287/4 وسنده صحيح، مصنف عبدالرزاق:7839]
➍ Our master Muawiyah radi Allahu anhu loved the hadith of the Messenger so much that he would remain engaged in spreading hadith even on the pulpit. It is evident that the Companions considered hadith as a proof. Radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in.
➎ Scholars should always strive for the propagation of the Sunnah.
➏ Good rulers encourage scholars to spread knowledge and assist them in this.
Source: Muwatta Imam Malik (Narration of Ibn al-Qasim): Commentary by Zubair Ali Zai, Page: 9999
Maulana Dawood Raz
Hadith Commentary:
Perhaps Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had received news that the people of Madinah considered fasting on Ashura as disliked (makruh), or that they did not give it importance, or that they regarded it as obligatory. Therefore, he delivered this address from the pulpit. He performed this Hajj in the year 44 AH.
This was the first Hajj of his caliphate.
And his last Hajj took place in 57 AH.
According to Hafiz, this address was delivered during his last Hajj.
Perhaps Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had received news that the people of Madinah considered fasting on Ashura as disliked (makruh), or that they did not give it importance, or that they regarded it as obligatory. Therefore, he delivered this address from the pulpit. He performed this Hajj in the year 44 AH.
This was the first Hajj of his caliphate.
And his last Hajj took place in 57 AH.
According to Hafiz, this address was delivered during his last Hajj.
Source: Sahih Bukhari: Commentary by Maulana Dawood Raz, Page: 2003
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
Imam al-Nasa’i rahimahullah’s purpose is to clarify that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to fast on the day of ‘Ashura as well. However, fasting on the day of ‘Ashura alone is not appropriate; it is better to fast along with it either on the ninth, or if the ninth is missed, then to fast on the eleventh in order to avoid resemblance (with others). Insha’Allah, this will also be permissible.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 2373
