صحيح مسلم
Muslim
كتاب الصيامThe Book of Fasting
باب صِحَّةِ صَوْمِ مَنْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ الْفَجْرُ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ:Chapter: The fasting is valid for the one who is Junub when dawn comes
Hadith 1109
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ . ح وحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ بْنُ هَمَّامٍ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُصُّ يَقُولُ فِي قَصَصِهِ " مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْفَجْرُ جُنُبًا فَلَا يَصُمْ " ، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ لِأَبِيهِ ، فَأَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ ، فَانْطَلَقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ ، حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا ، فَسَأَلَهُمَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، قَالَ : فَكِلْتَاهُمَا قَالَتْ : " كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلُمٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ " ، قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا عَلَى مَرْوَانَ ، فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، فَقَالَ مَرْوَانُ : " عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا مَا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَى أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، فَرَدَدْتَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَقُولُ " ، قَالَ : فَجِئْنَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ حَاضِرُ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ ، قَالَ : فَذَكَرَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ : " أَهُمَا قَالَتَاهُ لَكَ ؟ " قَالَ : " نَعَمْ " قَالَ : " هُمَا أَعْلَمُ " ، ثُمَّ رَدَّ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مَا كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ : " سَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ الْفَضْلِ ، وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " ، قَالَ : فَرَجَعَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَمَّا كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ ، قُلْتُ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ : " أَقَالَتَا فِي رَمَضَانَ ؟ " قَالَ : " كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلُمٍ ، ثُمَّ يَصُومُ " .
Abu Bakr (RA) (he is Abu Bakr (RA) bin Abdul Rahman bin Harith) reported: I heard Abu Hurairah (RA) narrating that he who is overtaken by dawn in a state of seminal emission should not observe fast. I made a mention of it to 'Abdul Rahman bin Harith (i. e. to his father) but he denied it. 'Abdul Rahman went and I also went along with him till we came to'A'isha and Umm Salamah (Allah be pleased with both of them) and Abdul Rahman asked them about it. Both of them said: (At times it so happened) that the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) woke up in the morning in a state of junub (but without seminal emission in a dream) and observed fast. He (the narrator) said: We then proceeded till we went to Marwan and Abdul Rahman made a mention of it to him. Upon this Marwan said: I stress upon you (with an oath) that you better go to Abu Hurairah (RA) and refer to him what is said about it. So we came to Abu Hurairah (RA) and Abu Bakr (RA) had been with us throughout and 'Abdul Rahman made a mention of it to him, whereupon Abu Hurairah (RA) said: Did they (the two wives of the Holy Prophet) tell you this? He replied: Yes. Upon this ( Abu Hurairah (RA) ) said: They have better knowledge. Abu Hurairah (RA) then attributed that what was said about it to Fadl bin 'Abbas and said: I heard it from Fadl and not from the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) . Abu Hurairah (RA) then retracted from what he used to say about it. Ibn Juraij (one of the narrators) reported: I asked 'Abdul Malik, if they (the two wives) said (made the statement) in regard to Ramadan, whereupon he said: It was so, and he (the Holy Prophet) (woke up in the) morning in a state of junub which was not due to the wet dream and then observed fast.
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وحَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أن عائشة زوج النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَتْ : " قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُدْرِكُهُ الْفَجْرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ ، وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ حُلُمٍ ، فَيَغْتَسِلُ وَيَصُومُ " .
'A'isha, the wife of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) , said: The dawn broke upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) during the Ramadan in a state of junub not because of sexual dream (but on account of intercourse) and he washed himself and observed fast.
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حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَيْلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَمْرٌو وَهُوَ ابْنُ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْحِمْيَرِيِّ ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ مَرْوَانَ أَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا يَسْأَلُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا أَيَصُومُ ؟ ، فَقَالَتْ " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ ، لَا مِنْ حُلُمٍ ، ثُمَّ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَلَا يَقْضِي " .
Abu Bakr (RA) reported that Marwan sent him to Umm Salamah to ask whether a person should observe fast who is in a state of junub and the dawn breaks upon him, whereupon she said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (was at times) junbi on account of intercourse and not due to sexual dream, and the dawn broke upon him, but he neither broke the fast nor recompensed.
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حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى ، قَالَ : قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَيِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَنَّهُمَا قَالَتَا : " إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ ، غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ ، ثُمَّ يَصُومُ " .
Abu Bakr (RA) bin 'Abdul Rahman bin al-Harith bin Hisham reported on the authority of 'A'isha and Umm Salamah, the wives of the Apostle of Allah (ﷺ) : The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) at times got up in the morning in a state of junub on account of having a sexual intercourse (with his wives during night) but not due to sexual dreams in the month of Ramadan, and would observe fast.
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حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ النَّوْفَلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا أَيَصُومُ ؟ ، قَالَتْ : " كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا ، مِنْ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ " .
Sulaiman bin Yasar reported that he asked Umm Salamah whether a person (who gets up) in the morning in a state of junub should observe fast. She said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) (at times) got up in the morning in a state of junub, not because of sexual dreams (but on account of intercourse at night), and then observed fast.
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Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: If a person has relations with his wife but performs the ritual bath (ghusl) after the break of dawn (fajr) for prayer, and begins the fast while still in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah), there is no harm or restriction in this. This is the position of the majority of the four Imams.
The blessed verse:
﴿فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ﴾ and authentic ahadith establish this. As for the hadith of Hazrat Fadl, it either pertains to the initial period when marital relations at night were not permissible, but later permission was granted, so in this state, beginning the fast was also deemed permissible.
Its purpose is that the better and more virtuous way is to perform the ritual bath (ghusl) before beginning the fast, so that negligence and laziness are removed and one can join the congregation for prayer with ease. Or, the purpose may be that he remained engaged in relations until the break of dawn, and only became free after dawn had broken, when the time for fasting had already begun. Some scholars are of the view that the hadith of Fadl pertains to a person who deliberately did not perform the ritual bath (ghusl) even though he was able to do so; if he simply woke up late and there was no time for ghusl, then there is no harm.
And according to some scholars, a voluntary (nafl) fast is valid but an obligatory (fard) fast is not; some say neither is valid; some say he should fast but will have to make up (qada) for it; some say in the case of an obligatory fast, qada is required, but not in the case of a voluntary fast. The correct position is that of the majority, because both the Qur’an and hadith support it.
The blessed verse:
﴿فَالْآنَ بَاشِرُوهُنَّ﴾ and authentic ahadith establish this. As for the hadith of Hazrat Fadl, it either pertains to the initial period when marital relations at night were not permissible, but later permission was granted, so in this state, beginning the fast was also deemed permissible.
Its purpose is that the better and more virtuous way is to perform the ritual bath (ghusl) before beginning the fast, so that negligence and laziness are removed and one can join the congregation for prayer with ease. Or, the purpose may be that he remained engaged in relations until the break of dawn, and only became free after dawn had broken, when the time for fasting had already begun. Some scholars are of the view that the hadith of Fadl pertains to a person who deliberately did not perform the ritual bath (ghusl) even though he was able to do so; if he simply woke up late and there was no time for ghusl, then there is no harm.
And according to some scholars, a voluntary (nafl) fast is valid but an obligatory (fard) fast is not; some say neither is valid; some say he should fast but will have to make up (qada) for it; some say in the case of an obligatory fast, qada is required, but not in the case of a voluntary fast. The correct position is that of the majority, because both the Qur’an and hadith support it.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 2589
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: This hadith refutes those people who claim that it is permissible to observe voluntary (nafl) fasts but not obligatory (fard) fasts.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 2592
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
English Commentary:
1:
The hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin A’ishah and Umm al-Mu’minin Umm Salamah (radi Allahu anhuma) is in opposition to the hadith of Abu Hurairah: “Whoever enters the morning in a state of major ritual impurity (junub), then there is no fast for him.”
The answer given is that the hadith of A’ishah and Umm Salamah is given preference over the hadith of Abu Hurairah because both of them are among the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and wives are more knowledgeable about the conditions of their husbands.
Secondly, Abu Hurairah is alone (in narrating), while these are two, and the narration of two is given preference over the narration of one.
1:
The hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin A’ishah and Umm al-Mu’minin Umm Salamah (radi Allahu anhuma) is in opposition to the hadith of Abu Hurairah: “Whoever enters the morning in a state of major ritual impurity (junub), then there is no fast for him.”
The answer given is that the hadith of A’ishah and Umm Salamah is given preference over the hadith of Abu Hurairah because both of them are among the wives of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and wives are more knowledgeable about the conditions of their husbands.
Secondly, Abu Hurairah is alone (in narrating), while these are two, and the narration of two is given preference over the narration of one.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 779
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
If a person begins the fast in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) during the early hours of true dawn (fajr sadiq), there is no harm in this, provided that he performs the ritual bath (ghusl) in due time and joins the prayer. However, without a valid Shar‘i excuse, deliberately prolonging this state is impermissible and is considered a defect in the fast.
This ruling applies equally to both men and women.
If a person begins the fast in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) during the early hours of true dawn (fajr sadiq), there is no harm in this, provided that he performs the ritual bath (ghusl) in due time and joins the prayer. However, without a valid Shar‘i excuse, deliberately prolonging this state is impermissible and is considered a defect in the fast.
This ruling applies equally to both men and women.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2388
