Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah

Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr narrates that the Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said in his sermon while he was leaning against the Kaaba: The blood of Muslims is equal and alike among themselves; even the lowest among them strives for their covenants, and they are united against others.

Hasan Basri narrates that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The blood of the Muslims is equal and alike among themselves; even the lowest among them strives to uphold their covenants; they are united as one against others.

Hazrat Ikrimah narrates that Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Qurayzah and Nadir were two tribes, and the tribe of Nadir was more honorable than the tribe of Qurayzah. So when a man from the tribe of Qurayzah killed a man from the tribe of Nadir, he would also be killed in retaliation. But if a man from the tribe of Nadir killed a man from the tribe of Qurayzah, he would pay one hundred wasq of dates as blood money. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was sent, a man from the tribe of Nadir killed a man from the tribe of Qurayzah. They said, "Hand over the killer to us so that we may kill him." They replied, "The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will decide between us." So they all came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Then this verse was revealed: Translation: "And if you judge, judge between them with justice." "Qist" means: a life for a life. Then this verse was revealed: Translation: "Do they then seek the judgment of the time of ignorance?" __QUR_N__, __XREF_N__, __REF_N__

Hazrat Mujahid states that Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Among the Children of Israel, the law of retribution (qisas) was prescribed and blood money (diyat) was not legislated for them. Allah, the Lord of Honor, has commanded for this Ummah: Translation: Retribution for the slain has been prescribed for you—the free man for the free man, the slave for the slave, and the woman for the woman. But if any remission is made by the brother of the slain, then grant any reasonable demand and pay with good conduct to the heirs of the slain. So, in the verse, forgiveness means that in the case of intentional murder, blood money may be accepted. Verse translation: This is a concession from your Lord and a mercy. He said: Therefore, on this basis, it is necessary to follow the recognized way and it is obligatory to pay the heirs of the slain in the best manner. Verse translation: But whoever transgresses after that, for him there is a painful punishment.

Hazrat Ibn Jurayj says that I asked Hazrat Ata: What is the meaning of Allah, the Lord of Honor's saying: "A free person for a free person and a slave for a slave"? He replied: If a slave kills another slave like himself, then he will also be killed in retribution. And if the killer is superior to the slain, then the heirs of the slain will only receive the value of the slain.

Hazrat Ibn Ashwa’ narrates that Hazrat Sha’bi said: There was a fight between two Arab tribes. Some individuals from this tribe were killed and some from the other tribe as well. One of the tribes said: We will not be satisfied until we kill a man in exchange for a woman and two men in exchange for one man. The people of the other tribe refused this. Then they presented this matter before the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. The Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: The matter of killing is based on equality. So the people established the custom of blood money among themselves. They considered the blood money of a man for a man, the blood money of a woman for a woman, and the blood money of a slave for a slave to be sufficient. And the Holy Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, decided for one of the tribes against the other as follows: The narrator says that the decision is the saying of Allah, the Lord of Honor: Translation: O you who believe! Retaliation (Qisas) is prescribed for you in the case of those killed: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the woman for the woman. Hazrat Sufyan bin Hasan said: The verse: So whoever is pardoned by his brother in any way, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him in a good manner. He said: It means that whoever shows some favor to his brother, he should pay him in a recognized way and follow it in the best manner, up to the saying of Allah, the Lord of Honor { عَذَابٌ أَلِیمٌ}.