Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah

Hazrat Talha bin Abdullah bin Awf narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered a proclaimer, and he proclaimed that the testimony of the opposing party and one who harbors suspicion is not valid; the oath is upon the defendant.

Hazrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote in a letter to Hazrat Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) that the oath is upon the one who denies.

Hazrat Saeed bin Musayyib says that the Sunnah has been that the oath is upon the defendant.

A man came to Hazrat Shurayh and said that this person sold me a slave-girl who has a disease in her neck. Hazrat Shurayh said to him: It is obligatory upon you to provide evidence that he sold you the slave-girl while she was diseased; otherwise, he will take an oath that he did not sell you the slave-girl with the disease.

Hazrat Sha'bi said to a man, "Swear that you did not sell her (the slave-girl) to him while she was ill."

It is narrated from Hazrat Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made the oath obligatory upon the defendant.

It is narrated from Hazrat Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made it obligatory for the defendant to take an oath.

Hazrat Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that whoever swears a false oath in order to unlawfully acquire the wealth of a Muslim, will meet Allah in such a state that Allah will be angry with him. Hazrat Ash’ath (may Allah be pleased with him) says that this verse of the Qur’an was revealed about me {إنَّ الَّذِینَ یَشْتَرُونَ بِعَہْدِ اللہِ وَأَیْمَانِہِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِیلاً }. There was a dispute over land between me and a Jew. I brought this case before the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He asked me if I had any witnesses. I replied, “No.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then told the Jew to take an oath. I said, “In this way, he will take my property!” Upon this, the aforementioned verse was revealed.