Mukhtasar Muslim

Ja'far bin Muhammad narrates from his father that: We went to the house of Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), and he asked about everyone’s condition until when my turn came, I said, “I am Muhammad bin Ali, the grandson of Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him).” So he stretched his hand towards me (with affection), placed his hand on my head, opened the top button of my shirt, then the lower button (i.e., of the shirt, etc.), and then placed his palm on my chest between my two breasts. I was a young boy at that time. Then he said, “Well done, welcome, O my nephew! Ask me whatever you wish.” Then I asked him, and he was not blind. Meanwhile, the time for prayer came, so he stood up wearing a sheet, and when he placed both its ends on his shoulders, due to the sheet being small, it would fall down, and his large sheet was placed on a side table. Then he led us in prayer (i.e., as imam). Then I said, “Inform me about the Hajj of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (i.e., the Farewell Hajj).” So Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) gestured with his hand showing nine (9) and said, “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Madinah for nine years and did not perform Hajj. Then, in the tenth year, it was announced among the people that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was going for Hajj. So many people gathered in Madinah, and all wanted to follow the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and do as he did (in performing Hajj). Thus, we all set out with him until we reached Dhul-Hulaifah, where Asma bint Umais (may Allah be pleased with her) gave birth to Muhammad bin Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). She sent word to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asking what she should do (in the state of postnatal bleeding). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Take a bath, tie a cloth around yourself, and enter into Ihram.’ Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak’ahs in the mosque and mounted his she-camel Qaswa. When it took him straight to (the place) Baida, I looked ahead and saw as far as my eyes could see, there were riders and pedestrians, and on my right, left, and behind, there was a similar crowd of people, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was among us, and the Qur’an was being revealed to him, and he knew its true meaning best. Whatever he did, we did the same. Then he proclaimed the Talbiyah with Tawheed, and the people also proclaimed the same Talbiyah as people do now (i.e., some people added words to the Talbiyah of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he did not stop them), and he continued to recite the Talbiyah. Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘We intended nothing but Hajj and did not even recognize ‘Umrah, and to perform ‘Umrah during the days of Hajj was considered bad from the days of ignorance, until when we came to the House of Allah with him, he touched the Rukn (i.e., Hajar al-Aswad) and performed three circuits of Tawaf with Raml (i.e., walking briskly with small steps and swinging the shoulders), and four circuits walking normally. Then he came to Maqam Ibrahim and recited this verse: “Take the Maqam Ibrahim as a place of prayer,” and placed Maqam Ibrahim between himself and the House. Then my father used to say—and I do not know if he mentioned it from himself or from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)—that he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak’ahs and recited Surah Ikhlas and Surah Kafiroon in them. Then he returned to Hajar al-Aswad and kissed it, and exited from the door that leads to Safa. When he approached Safa (Safa is the name of a hill about twenty-five steps from the door of the Ka’bah), he recited this verse: “Indeed, Safa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah,” and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “We begin with what Allah began with.” Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ascended Safa until he saw the House of Allah, faced the Qiblah, and proclaimed the Oneness and greatness of Allah (i.e., said La ilaha illallah and Allahu Akbar), and said, “There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, He fulfilled His promise (i.e., of spreading the religion and helping His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)), and He helped His servant (Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)), and He alone defeated all the armies.” Then after that, he supplicated, then said the same, then supplicated. Thus, he did this three times. Then he descended and walked towards Marwah, and when his feet reached the middle of the valley, he ran until he reached Marwah. On Marwah, he did as he had done on Safa, i.e., said those words and supplicated facing the Qiblah. When the last circuit on Marwah was completed (i.e., seven circuits were done), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “If I had known beforehand what I came to know later, I would not have brought the sacrificial animal with me (and would have bought it in Makkah), and I would have made my Ihram for Hajj into ‘Umrah. So, whoever among you does not have a sacrificial animal with him, let him exit Ihram (i.e., after Tawaf and Sa’i, the acts of ‘Umrah are complete) and make it ‘Umrah.” (Upon hearing this) Suraqah bin Ju’sham stood up and said, “O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Is this making Hajj into ‘Umrah specific to this year or is it forever?” He (peace and blessings be upon him) interlaced the fingers of one hand into the other and said twice, “It is forever, forever.” Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came from Yemen with the camels of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and saw Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) among those who had exited Ihram, wearing colored clothes and with kohl in her eyes. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked this, so she said, “My father ordered me to do so.” The narrator said that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say in Iraq that I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) angry with Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) for exiting Ihram, and I informed him that I disliked it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) has spoken the truth (i.e., I ordered her to exit Ihram).” Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “What intention did you make when you entered Ihram for Hajj?” I said, “I said, ‘O Allah! I enter into Ihram for whatever Your Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) entered into Ihram for.’” He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “I have the sacrificial animal with me (so I did not exit Ihram), so you also do not exit Ihram.” Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Then the camels that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) brought from Yemen and those that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) brought with him together made one hundred camels.” Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “Then all the people exited Ihram and trimmed their hair, except the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and those who had the sacrificial animals with them (they remained in Ihram). When the Day of Tarwiyah came (i.e., the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah), all the people went to Mina and proclaimed the Talbiyah for Hajj, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also rode and prayed Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Isha, and Fajr (five prayers) in Mina. Then he stayed there for a while until the sun rose, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that a tent made of hair be set up at (the place of) Namirah. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out, and the Quraysh believed that he (peace and blessings be upon him) would stop at al-Mash’ar al-Haram as was the custom of the Quraysh in the days of ignorance. He (peace and blessings be upon him) went ahead from there until he reached Arafat and found his tent set up at Namirah, so he entered it. When the sun had declined, Qaswa, his she-camel, was prepared at his command, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to the middle of the valley and delivered a sermon to the people. He said: “Your blood and your wealth are sacred to one another as the sanctity of this day, in this month, in this city. All matters of the days of ignorance are placed under my feet (i.e., they are no longer valid), and the blood feuds of the days of ignorance are abolished. The first blood I forgive from among our blood is that of Ibn Rabi’ah, who was being suckled among Banu Sa’d and was killed by Hudhayl (so I do not seek retribution for it). Likewise, the usury of the days of ignorance is all abolished (i.e., no one should take the accrued interest of that time), and the first usury I forgo from among our usury is that of Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him), for it is all abolished. Fear Allah regarding women, for you have taken them by Allah’s trust and made their private parts lawful by Allah’s word (i.e., marriage). Your right over them is that they do not allow anyone you dislike to sit on your bedding (i.e., in your house). If they do so, then strike them in a way that does not cause injury (i.e., no bones broken, no organ lost, no disfigurement). Their right over you is that you provide for them food and clothing according to custom. I am leaving among you something that if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray: the Book of Allah. You will be asked about me (on the Day of Judgment), so what will you say?” They all said, “We bear witness that you have conveyed the message of Allah, fulfilled the trust of Prophethood, and advised the Ummah.” Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) raised his index finger towards the sky and pointed it towards the people and said, “O Allah, bear witness! O Allah, bear witness! O Allah, bear witness!” three times (and gestured thus). Then the call to prayer and the Iqamah were given, and he led the Zuhr prayer, then the Iqamah was given and he led the Asr prayer, and he did not pray anything between them (i.e., no Sunnah or Nafl). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted and came to the place of standing (Mawqif), turned the belly of his she-camel towards the rocks, kept the path in front of him, faced the Qiblah, and remained there until sunset. The yellow color (of the sun) gradually faded, and the sun’s disc set. Then (he mounted), seated Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) behind him, and returned (towards Muzdalifah), and the reins of Qaswa were so tight that its head touched the saddle’s front (the place where a rider sometimes rests his foot when tired). He (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured with his right hand, “O people, go slowly and calmly,” and when he came to a sand hill (where the crowd was less), he loosened the reins a bit so the she-camel could climb. (Eventually, they reached Muzdalifah, and there he prayed Maghrib and Isha with one Adhan and two Iqamahs, and did not pray anything between the two obligatory prayers (i.e., no Sunnah, etc.). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) lay down. (SubhanAllah, what devoted servants the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had, who observed and preserved every act of his day and night, sleep and wakefulness, eating and drinking. May Allah have mercy on them.) When morning came and Fajr became apparent, he prayed Fajr with Adhan and Iqamah, then mounted Qaswa until he came to al-Mash’ar al-Haram, faced the Qiblah, supplicated to Allah, said Allahu Akbar, La ilaha illallah, and proclaimed His Oneness, and remained there until it became quite bright. He (peace and blessings be upon him) left there before sunrise, and seated Sayyiduna Fadl bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) behind him. Fadl (may Allah be pleased with him) was a young, handsome, fair-skinned man with good hair. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) set out, a group of women was passing by, each riding on a camel, and all were moving along. Sayyiduna Fadl began to look at them, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) placed his hand on Fadl’s face (and did not say anything. SubhanAllah, what beautiful manners and how excellently he forbade evil). Fadl turned his face to the other side and began to look, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) again turned his hand and placed it on his face, so Fadl turned his face to the other side and looked again, until they reached Batn Muhassir. Then he made the she-camel go a little faster and took the middle path that leads to Jamrah al-Kubra, until he came to the Jamrah near the tree (which is called Jamrah Aqabah), and threw seven pebbles at it, saying Allahu Akbar with each pebble, pebbles that could be thrown with a pinch (and were the size of a chickpea), and he threw them standing in the middle of the valley (so that Mina, Arafat, and Muzdalifah were on his right and Makkah on his left). Then he came to the place of sacrifice and slaughtered sixty-three camels with his own blessed hand, and gave the rest to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to slaughter. He included him in his sacrifice, and then ordered that a piece of meat be taken from each camel, placed in a pot, and cooked. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) both ate from it and drank its broth. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) mounted and came to the House of Allah and performed the Tawaf of Ifadah and prayed Zuhr in Makkah. Then he came to the Banu Abdul Muttalib, who were giving water at Zamzam. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Draw water, O children of Abdul Muttalib! If I did not fear that people would crowd you and prevent you from drawing water, I would have joined you in drawing water (i.e., if he (peace and blessings be upon him) had done so, it would have become Sunnah, and the whole Ummah would have started drawing water, and their privilege would have been lost).” Then they gave him a bucket, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) drank from it.