Mukhtasar Bukhari

‘Mother of the Believers, Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her), says: “Ever since I became aware of my parents (gained enough understanding), I found them to be upon the religion of Islam, and not a day would pass in which the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) did not visit us; he would come twice a day, in the morning and in the evening. Then, when the Muslims began to suffer severe hardships from the polytheists, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) set out with the intention of migrating to Abyssinia. When he reached the place of Bark al-Ghamad, he met Ibn al-Daghina, who was the chief of the tribe of Qarah. He said, ‘O Abu Bakr! Where are you intending to go?’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, ‘My people (the Quraysh) have driven me out, and I wish to travel through the land and worship my Lord.’ Ibn al-Daghina said, ‘O Abu Bakr! People like you should not leave nor be driven out. You provide for people what they do not have, you maintain ties of kinship, you bear the burdens of others, you are hospitable to guests, and you help people in times of truth and hardship. Therefore, I grant you my protection; return and worship your Lord in your city.’ So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) returned, and Ibn al-Daghina came with him. In the evening, Ibn al-Daghina went to the leaders of Quraysh and said to them, ‘Indeed, a man like Abu Bakr should neither leave nor be expelled. Do you expel a man who provides for people what they do not have, maintains ties of kinship, bears the burdens of others, is hospitable to guests, and helps people in times of truth?’ The Quraysh did not reject Ibn al-Daghina’s protection (they accepted it) and said to him, ‘Tell Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to worship Allah in his house, pray and recite there, and not to harm us with it, nor to do it openly, for we fear that our women and children may be led astray by it.’ Ibn al-Daghina conveyed all this to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), so Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) remained in Makkah on this condition. He would worship his Lord in his house, not pray openly, nor recite the Qur’an anywhere except in his house. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) built a mosque in the courtyard of his house and would pray and recite the Qur’an there. The women and children of the polytheists would gather around, watching and expressing amazement (at his recitation). Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was a man who wept much; when he recited the Qur’an, he could not control his tears. This situation alarmed the Quraysh, and they called Ibn al-Daghina. When he came to them, they said, ‘We accepted your protection for Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) on the condition that he worships his Lord in his house, but he has violated this condition and built a mosque in his courtyard, where he prays and recites the Qur’an openly. We fear that our women and children may be led astray. Stop Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) from this; if he worships only inside his house, let him do so, but if he insists on worshipping openly, then ask him to return your protection. We do not wish to break your protection, nor can we allow Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) to worship openly.’ Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Ibn al-Daghina came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and said, ‘You know the condition I set with the people of Quraysh. Either abide by it or return my protection, for I do not want the Arabs to hear that I have broken the protection I granted.’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘I return your protection to you and am content with the protection of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic.’ And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was still in Makkah at that time. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the Muslims: ‘I have been shown the place of your migration; it is a land of date palms between two rocky tracts.’ That is, the two rocky tracts of Madinah, which are called the Harrahs. Those Muslims who could, migrated to Madinah, and many of those who had previously migrated to Abyssinia also returned to Madinah. When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) prepared to go to Madinah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, ‘Wait, for I hope that I will also be granted permission (to migrate).’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘May my father be sacrificed for you! Do you hope so?’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, ‘Yes.’ So Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) waited and fed his two camels with the leaves of the acacia tree for four months (which makes the camels swift). Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr’s house at midday, someone said, ‘Look, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has come at a time when he usually does not come.’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘May my parents be sacrificed for you! By Allah, there must be something important for you to come at this hour.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived and asked for permission to enter. When permission was granted, he entered and said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), ‘Ask those with you to leave.’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! May my father be sacrificed for you, only your family is here (i.e., Aisha and her mother Umm Ruman, may Allah be pleased with them).’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘I have been granted permission to migrate.’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! Will I accompany you?’ The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Yes.’ Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! Take one of these two camels of mine.’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘Alright, but I will pay its price.’ Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: We quickly prepared provisions for both of them and put them in a leather bag. Asma (may Allah be pleased with her) tore her waistband and tied the mouth of the bag with it, and for this reason, she was called ‘the one with the two waistbands’ (Dhat al-Nitaqayn). Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) went to the cave of Thawr (three miles from Makkah), where they stayed for three nights. Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), who was a young, intelligent, and clever man, would stay with them at night in the cave and return at dawn, spending the morning with the Quraysh as if he had spent the night in Makkah. He would remember whatever he heard about plans to harm the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and at nightfall, he would go and inform them. Amir ibn Fuhayrah, who was Abu Bakr’s slave, would keep a milking goat from the herd (without milking it). When a portion of the night had passed, he would bring the goat to the cave, and both of them would drink fresh, warm milk and spend the night thus, until Amir ibn Fuhayrah would call the goats away in the darkness. They did this for three consecutive nights. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) hired a guide from the tribe of Banu al-Dil, who was an expert in guiding the way (khirit). He was an ally of the family of As ibn Wa’il Sahmi and was upon the religion of the disbelievers of Quraysh. They trusted him and handed over their camels to him, agreeing that he would bring the camels to the cave of Thawr after three nights. On the morning of the third night, he brought the camels, and along with Amir ibn Fuhayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and the guide, they set out. The guide took the coastal route. Suraqah ibn Malik ibn Ju’sham al-Mudliji (may Allah be pleased with him) says: A messenger from the disbelievers of Quraysh came to us, and they had promised a reward (i.e., one hundred camels) for whoever killed or captured the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) or Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Once, while I was sitting in a gathering of Banu Mudlij, a man from their tribe came and stood before us and said, ‘O Suraqah! I have just seen some people traveling along the coastal route... I think they are Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions.’ Suraqah says: I realized (in my heart) that they must be the ones, but I said to him, ‘No, they are not (Muhammad and his companions); you must have seen so-and-so and so-and-so who just passed by us.’ I remained in the gathering for a while, then got up and went home. I told my slave girl to bring out my horse and keep it ready behind the hillock. I took my spear and left the house from the back door, dragging the tip of the spear on the ground (or drawing a line with it), and kept the upper part of the spear lowered. I went to my horse, mounted it, and rode swiftly to catch up with them. When I got close to them (the Prophet and his companion), my horse stumbled, and I fell off. I got up, reached for my quiver, drew some arrows, and took an omen to see if I would be able to harm them or not, but the result was unfavorable (against me). (But out of greed for the camels) I mounted my horse again and went against the omen. My horse brought me close to them, so much so that I heard the recitation of the Qur’an by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), who did not look around, while Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) kept looking around repeatedly. Suddenly, my horse’s legs sank into the ground up to its knees, and I fell off. I scolded it, and it stood up with difficulty, unable to free its forelegs from the ground. When it finally stood upright, a cloud of dust rose from its forelegs like smoke ascending to the sky. I again drew arrows for an omen, and again the result was unfavorable (against me). Finally, I called out to them, offering them protection, and they stopped. I rode up to them, and after experiencing this hardship in reaching them, I realized that soon the mission of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would prevail. I told them that their people had set a reward for them and informed them of all the plans people had against them. I offered them provisions and supplies for the journey, but they did not take anything from me nor ask for anything. They only said, ‘Keep our matter secret.’ I requested the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to write me a guarantee of safety, so he instructed Amir ibn Fuhayrah to write it for me on a piece of leather. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) continued on his way. (Urwah ibn Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) says:) The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) met Zubair and some Muslim horsemen who were traders returning from Syria. Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) white garments to wear. Meanwhile, in Madinah, the Muslims heard of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) departure from Makkah, so every morning they would go to the area of Harrah and wait for him until the heat of midday forced them to return. One day, after waiting a long time, they returned home. A Jew, who had climbed onto the roof of one of their houses for some work, saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions dressed in white, appearing from the mirage (as the shimmer of the sand lessened as they drew nearer). The Jew could not help but shout at the top of his voice, ‘O people of Arabia! Here is your leader whom you have been waiting for!’ The Muslims rushed for their weapons and went to meet the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Harrah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned to the right with them until he stopped in the neighborhood of Banu Amr ibn Awf. It was the month of Rabi’ al-Awwal and a Monday. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up to greet the people, while the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) remained seated. Some of the Ansar, who had not seen the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) before, went to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), thinking he was the Prophet, until the sun fell upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped forward and shaded him with his cloak. Only then did the people recognize the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed with Banu Amr ibn Awf for more than ten nights and laid the foundation of the mosque (Quba), whose foundation was based on piety (taqwa), and he prayed in it. Then he mounted his camel and set out, with people walking alongside him, until his camel knelt at the place of the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. At that time, some Muslims used to pray there, and the land belonged to two orphan boys, Suhail and Sahl, who were under the care of As’ad ibn Zurara. When the camel knelt, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, ‘InshaAllah, this will be our place (of residence).’ The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called the two boys and asked them the price of the land (threshing floor) so that a mosque could be built there. They said, ‘O Messenger of Allah! We gift this land to you (we will not take any price).’ But the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to accept it as a gift and bought it from them. Then the construction of the mosque began, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself carried bricks along with the people, saying, ‘Carrying this load is better than carrying the load of Khaybar, for its reward will remain with Allah, and there is much purity and goodness in it.’ And he would supplicate, ‘O Allah! Indeed, the real benefit is that of the Hereafter, so have mercy on the Ansar and the Muhajirin.’

Narrated from Sayyida Asma (may Allah be pleased with her) that (Sayyiduna) Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) was in her womb. She says: I set out (from Makkah with the intention of migration) when I was fully pregnant. I arrived in Madinah and stayed in Quba, and there Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) was born. I took him to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) seated him in his lap, then asked for a date, chewed it, and then put it in his mouth, so the first thing that entered Abdullah’s stomach was the saliva of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). After that, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) chewed the date and put it in his mouth, and prayed for him and supplicated for blessings for him. And he (Sayyiduna Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him) was the first child among the Muslims to be born in Islam.

Narrated Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the cave (of Thawr), and when I raised my head, I saw the feet of the (polytheist) people. So I said, "O Messenger of Allah! If any one of them looks down, he will see us." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "O Abu Bakr! Be quiet. We are two persons, and the third (companion) with us is Allah."