Mukhtasar Bukhari

Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah and Sayyiduna Marwan say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) set out during the time of Hudaybiyyah, until when he was on the way, he (as a miracle) said: "Khalid bin Walid is at (the place) Ghamim with the cavalry of Quraysh as the vanguard, so take the right side (and Khalid was also on that side)." But by Allah, Khalid did not even know that the Muslims were coming until the dust of the army reached them, then (he realized that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had arrived and immediately) a man set out to inform the Quraysh. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept moving forward until he reached the hill from which one descends into Makkah, and his she-camel sat down. The people said, "Hul, hul" (and tried hard to make it move), but it did not budge. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) said, "Qaswa (the Prophet's she-camel) has become stubborn, Qaswa has become stubborn." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Qaswa has not become stubborn by herself, nor is this her habit, but she has been stopped by the One who stopped the elephant." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By the One in Whose hand is my soul, whatever the disbelievers of Quraysh ask of me, if it involves honoring the things made sacred by Allah, I will accept it." After that, he (peace and blessings be upon him) rebuked the camel, and it stood up with a leap. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from the direction of the people of Makkah until he camped at the edge of Hudaybiyyah at a spring or pit called Thamud, in which there was very little water. The people took a little water from it, and soon they had used it all up, and they complained of thirst to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) took an arrow from his quiver and ordered them to stick it in the water. By Allah, the water began to gush forth to quench their thirst until all were satisfied.

While they were in this state, Budayl bin Warqa' al-Khuza'i came from Khuza'ah with some of his people, and these were well-wishers of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) among the people of Tihamah. He said: "I have left Ka'b bin Lu'ayy and 'Amir bin Lu'ayy (in such a state) that they are encamped at the deep springs of Hudaybiyyah, and with them are milch camels (in short, they are well prepared), and they want to fight you to prevent you from reaching the Ka'bah." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have not come to fight anyone, but we have come to perform 'Umrah. Indeed, fighting has weakened Quraysh and caused them much harm. If they wish, I will make a truce with them for a period, and (after that period) they should not interfere between me and the disbelievers of Arabia (i.e., if there is war between me and them). If I prevail, and they wish to enter this religion into which others have entered, let them do so. If I do not prevail, then they will have rest (because their main objective will be achieved). If they do not accept this, then by the One in Whose hand is my soul, I will fight them in my present state until I am killed, and surely Allah will cause His religion to prevail." Budayl said: "I will convey what you have said to Quraysh." So he went until he reached Quraysh and said: "We have come to you from that man, and we heard him say such and such. If you wish, we will tell you what he said." The foolish among them said: "We have no need for you to inform us of anything." But the wise among them said: "Tell us what you heard him say." Budayl said: "I heard him say such and such," and he conveyed what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had said. Then 'Urwah bin Mas'ud stood up and said: "O people! Am I not your father?" They said: "Yes." 'Urwah said: "Are you not like my sons?" They said: "Yes." 'Urwah said: "Do you harbor any suspicion against me?" They said: "No." 'Urwah said: "Do you not know that I called the people of 'Ukaz to help you, but when they did not listen to me, I brought my relatives and children who did listen to me to you?" They said: "Yes (all this is true)." 'Urwah said: "Then (now listen to me), this man (i.e., the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him) has presented a good proposal to you, so accept it and allow me to go to him." All the people said: "Alright, you may go to him." So 'Urwah came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and began to talk to him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke to him as he had spoken to Budayl. At that time, 'Urwah said: "O Muhammad! Tell me, if you completely destroy the root and foundation of your people (what benefit will you have in that)? Have you ever heard of any Arab before you who destroyed his own people? And if something else happens (i.e., you are defeated, which seems likely), for I see with you people of various backgrounds who, in fleeing, see safety and will leave you (alone in the battlefield)." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said (upon hearing this) to 'Urwah: "Go and suck the private parts of al-Lat! Will we flee from (the side of) the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and leave him alone?" 'Urwah said: "Who is this?" The people said: "Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)." 'Urwah said: "By the One in Whose hand is my soul, if you did not have a favor over me for which I have not yet repaid you, I would have surely answered you." (Miswar says:) Then 'Urwah began to talk to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and whenever he spoke to him, he (out of flattery) would put his hand in the Prophet's beard, and Sayyiduna Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him) was standing near the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with a sword and a helmet on his head. Whenever 'Urwah reached out his hand towards the Prophet's beard, Sayyiduna Mughirah (may Allah be pleased with him) would strike his hand with the lower part of the sword and say: "Keep your hand away from the beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." 'Urwah raised his head and asked: "Who is this?" The people said: "Mughirah bin Shu'bah (may Allah be pleased with him)." 'Urwah said: "O deceiver! Did I not save you from the punishment for your deception?" (Sayyiduna Mughirah, may Allah be pleased with him, used to associate with some people in the time of ignorance, then he killed them and took their wealth, after which he came and accepted Islam. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I accept your Islam, but I have no authority to forgive regarding the wealth.")

After this, 'Urwah began to observe the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with the corner of his eye. The narrator says: (He saw that) whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spat, it would fall into the hand of one of his Companions, and he would rub it on his face and body. Whenever he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered them to do something, they would hasten to carry it out. When he performed ablution, they would fight over the water he used (one would say, "Let me have it," another would say, "Let me have it"). When he spoke, they would all fall silent, and out of respect, they would not look at him directly. Then 'Urwah returned to his companions and said: "O people! By Allah, I have visited the courts of kings, and I have visited the courts of Caesar, Chosroes, and the Negus, but by Allah, I have never seen any king whose companions honor him as much as the companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) honor Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah, whenever he spits, it falls into the hand of one of them, and he rubs it on his face and body. When he orders them to do something, they hasten to carry it out. When he performs ablution, they fight over the water he used, and when he speaks, they all fall silent, and out of respect, they do not look at him directly. Indeed, he has presented you with a good proposal, so accept it."

Then a man from Banu Kinanah said: "Allow me to go to them." The people said: "Alright, you may go to them." When he came before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is so-and-so, and he is from the people who honor sacrificial animals, so present the sacrificial animals before him." The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) presented the sacrificial animals before him and received him while reciting the Talbiyah. When he saw this, he said: "Glory be to Allah! It is not appropriate to prevent these people from the Ka'bah." When he returned to his people, he said: "I saw the sacrificial animals, garlanded and marked (with their humps wounded), so I do not think it is right to prevent these people from the Ka'bah."

Then another man stood up among them, whose name was Mikraz bin Hafs. He said: "Allow me to go to Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)." The people said: "Alright, you may go." When he came to the Muslims, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is Mikraz, and he is a wicked man." Then he began to talk to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and while he was talking, Suhayl bin 'Amr (from the disbelievers' side) came. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Now your matter has been made easy." Suhayl said: "Write a treaty between us and you." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) called the scribe and said: "Write: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." Suhayl said: "By Allah, we do not know who is the Most Gracious, so write as you used to write before: 'In Your name, O Allah.'" The Muslims said: "We will only write 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.'" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(Do not insist on this.) Write: 'In Your name, O Allah.'" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "(Write:) This is the agreement on which Muhammad, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), has made peace." Suhayl said: "By Allah! If we knew you were the Messenger of Allah, we would not prevent you from the Ka'bah nor fight you. So write: Muhammad bin 'Abdullah." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I am indeed the Messenger of Allah, even if you deny me. Write: Muhammad bin 'Abdullah." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "On the condition that, O disbelievers of Makkah, you clear the way between us and the Ka'bah so that we may perform Tawaf." Suhayl said: "By Allah (we will not agree to this year, because we fear) that the Arabs will say we were forced. Rather, it will happen next year." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had it written as such. Then Suhayl said: "(Also write:) And on the condition that, O Muhammad, whoever comes to you from our side, even if he is upon your religion, you will return him to us." The Muslims said: "Glory be to Allah! How can he be returned to the polytheists when he has come as a Muslim?" While this was happening, Sayyiduna Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl came, stumbling in his chains, from the lower part of Makkah, until he threw himself among the Muslims. Suhayl said: "O Muhammad! This is the first matter on which we make peace with you, that you return Abu Jandal to me." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "We have not yet finished writing the agreement." (How can these conditions be enforced already?) Suhayl said: "By Allah, we will never make peace with you on any matter." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Alright, grant me permission for this (one man)." Suhayl said: "I will never grant permission for him." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) again said: "No! Grant permission for him." He said: "I will not grant permission." Mikraz said: "Come, we grant you permission for him." (But his word did not prevail.) Abu Jandal said: "O Muslims! Will I be returned to the polytheists when I have come as a Muslim? Do you not see what hardships I have endured (for Islam)?" (Indeed) Abu Jandal had been severely tortured in the way of Allah.

Sayyiduna 'Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "Then I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: 'Are you not truly the Messenger of Allah?' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Yes (I am indeed the true Prophet).' I said: 'Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood?' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Yes (that is also correct).' I said: 'Then why should we accept humiliation regarding our religion?' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'I am the Messenger of Allah, and I do not disobey Him, and He is my Helper.' I said: 'Did you not tell us that we would go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaf?' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Yes! But did I tell you that we would go to the Ka'bah this very year?' I said: 'No (you did not say that).' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Then you will go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaf.'"

Sayyiduna 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "Then I went to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: 'O Abu Bakr! Is he not truly the Messenger of Allah?' Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Yes (indeed he is the Messenger of Allah).' I said: 'Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood?' He said: 'Yes (certainly).' I said: 'Then why should we accept humiliation regarding our religion?' Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'O man! Indeed, he is the Messenger of Allah, and he does not disobey his Lord, and He is his Helper. So do not oppose him, for by Allah, he is upon the truth.' I said: 'Did he not tell us that we would go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaf?' Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Yes (he said so), but did he tell you that you would go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaf this year?' I said: 'No.' Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'Then you will go to the Ka'bah and perform Tawaf.' Sayyiduna 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "As atonement for this (impertinence), I performed many acts of worship."

(The narrator says:) "Then, when the writing of the treaty was completed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to his Companions: 'Get up, offer your sacrifices, and shave your heads.' The narrator says: 'By Allah, not one of them got up, even though he (peace and blessings be upon him) said this three times.' When none of them got up, he went to Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and told her what had happened with the people. Umm al-Mu'minin Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: 'O Prophet of Allah! Do you want this? Go out and do not speak to any of them until you have slaughtered your sacrificial animals and called your barber to shave your head.' So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went out and did not speak to any of them until he had done all that—he slaughtered his sacrificial animals and called his barber, who shaved his head. When the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) saw this, they got up, offered their sacrifices, and began shaving each other's heads, to the extent that, due to the crowd, it was close that they would kill each other.

Then some believing women came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), so Allah revealed this verse: 'O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants, test them...' and 'Do not hold to the ties of marriage with disbelieving women...' (Al-Mumtahanah: 10) until the end. So Sayyiduna 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced two polytheist women who were in his marriage that day. One of them was married by Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan, and the other by Safwan bin Umayyah.

Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) returned to Madinah, and Sayyiduna Abu Basir, who was of Qurayshi descent and a Muslim, came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The disbelievers sent two men in pursuit of him and sent word to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to honor the treaty he had made with them. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) handed Sayyiduna Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him) over to them, and they took him away. When they reached Dhu al-Hulayfah, they stopped to eat their dates. Sayyiduna Abu Basir said to one of them: "O so-and-so! By Allah, I see your sword is very fine." The man drew his sword and said: "Yes! By Allah, it is very fine. I have tested it many times." Sayyiduna Abu Basir said: "Let me see it." So he handed the sword to Sayyiduna Abu Basir, who struck him with it until he killed him. The other man fled and entered the mosque in Madinah, running. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw him, he said: "He is frightened." When he reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "By Allah, my companion has been killed, and I too will be killed." Then Sayyiduna Abu Basir came and said: "O Prophet of Allah! By Allah, Allah has freed you from your obligation. You handed me over to the disbelievers, but Allah saved me from them." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is a fire of war; if he had any supporters, it would flare up." When Abu Basir heard this, he realized that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would return him to the disbelievers, so he left until he reached the seashore. (On that side,) Sayyiduna Abu Jandal bin Suhayl also escaped and met Abu Basir on the way. Whoever from Quraysh became Muslim and came would join Abu Basir, until they formed a whole group. By Allah, whenever they heard of a Quraysh caravan going to Syria, they would ambush it, kill its people, and take their goods. So Quraysh sent a man to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), beseeching him by Allah and kinship to restrain Abu Basir and his companions, and that whoever came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (as a Muslim) would be safe. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent word to Abu Basir and his companions to stop. Then Allah revealed this verse: "And He it is Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them in the midst of Makkah after He had given you victory over them... They were filled with pride, the pride of ignorance..." (Surah al-Fath: 24, 26), and their pride was that they did not accept the Prophethood of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), nor 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,' and they stood between the Muslims and the Ka'bah.