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معجم صغير للطبراني
Mu'jam al-Saghir
كتاب الصيامBook of Fasting
Description of making up missed fasts for deceased relatives
Hadith 393
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الدِّيمَاسِيُّ الرَّمْلِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُمَيْرِ بْنُ النَّحَّاسِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً ، قَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، " إِنَّ أُمِّي مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمٌ ، قَالَ : صَوْمِي عَنْ أُمِّكِ " . لَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ ، إِلا مُؤَمَّلٌ ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حِفْظَهُ فَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ
Sayyiduna Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports: A woman said, "O Messenger of Allah! My mother has died and she had some fasts due." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Fast on behalf of your mother."
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ If a deceased person had obligatory fasts pending, his heirs may observe the fasts on his behalf.
➋ Whether the fasts are of Ramadan, vow (nadhar), or expiation (kaffarah), the ruling is the same for all, because all of these are considered a debt owed to Allah. The Prophetic instruction is: “Whoever dies and has fasts due upon him, his guardian/heir should fast on his behalf.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Fasting, Chapter: Whoever died and had fasts due upon him, Hadith: 1953)
If the guardian, i.e., the heir, does not fast on his behalf, then the instruction mentioned in the previous hadith 1757 should be acted upon: for each missed day of fasting, a poor person should be fed. Although that narration is weak as a marfu‘ (attributed directly to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), it is authentic as a mawquf (attributed to a Companion). Another narration from Abdullah ibn ‘Umar radi Allahu anhu is also reported in Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, that for each day, half a sa‘ (a measure) of wheat should be given. (Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Hadith: 2057)
➌ Other acts of worship, such as prayer (salah), cannot be analogized to fasting in this matter, because for acts of worship, it is essential to have a textual proof. In matters of worship where deputization (niyabah) is established by hadith, only those will be acted upon; for the rest, one should withhold from acting.
➊ If a deceased person had obligatory fasts pending, his heirs may observe the fasts on his behalf.
➋ Whether the fasts are of Ramadan, vow (nadhar), or expiation (kaffarah), the ruling is the same for all, because all of these are considered a debt owed to Allah. The Prophetic instruction is: “Whoever dies and has fasts due upon him, his guardian/heir should fast on his behalf.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Fasting, Chapter: Whoever died and had fasts due upon him, Hadith: 1953)
If the guardian, i.e., the heir, does not fast on his behalf, then the instruction mentioned in the previous hadith 1757 should be acted upon: for each missed day of fasting, a poor person should be fed. Although that narration is weak as a marfu‘ (attributed directly to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), it is authentic as a mawquf (attributed to a Companion). Another narration from Abdullah ibn ‘Umar radi Allahu anhu is also reported in Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, that for each day, half a sa‘ (a measure) of wheat should be given. (Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Hadith: 2057)
➌ Other acts of worship, such as prayer (salah), cannot be analogized to fasting in this matter, because for acts of worship, it is essential to have a textual proof. In matters of worship where deputization (niyabah) is established by hadith, only those will be acted upon; for the rest, one should withhold from acting.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 1759
