مشكوة المصابيح
Mishkat al-Masabih
كتاب الآدابThe Book of Manners
(الْجُلُوسُ فِي بَعْضِ الشَّمْسِ وَبَعْضِ الظِّلِّ عَمَلُ الشَّيْطَانِ)(Sitting partly in the sun and partly in the shade is the work of Satan)
Hadith 4725
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْفَيْء فقلص الظِّلُّ فَصَارَ بَعْضُهُ فِي الشَّمْسِ وَبَعْضُهُ فِي الظل فَليقمْ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد
It is narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When any one of you is in the shade, then the (shade) moves away from him and part of his body is in the sun and part in the shade, then he should get up (from there)." Hasan, narrated by Abu Dawood.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Benefits and Issues
The narration in Mishkat is also found in Sunan Abi Dawud (Book of Manners, Chapter 15, Hadith 4821), Musnad al-Humaydi (with verification: 1145), and al-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi (3/236, 237) through the chain of «محمد بن المنكدر قال: حدثني من سمع أباهريرة».
In this, the doer of “haddathani” is «من سمع», who is unknown. Therefore, this chain is weak.
Al-Mundhiri said:
«وتابعيه مجهول»
And its (narrator) the Tabi‘i is unknown. [الترغيب و الترهيب 59/4]
Note:
The mention of this unknown Tabi‘i has dropped from Musnad Ahmad (2/383, Hadith 8976) and others.
The narration in Sharh al-Sunnah by al-Baghawi (12/301, Hadith 3335) is mawquf (stopped at the Companion) and munqati‘ (disconnected).
And in it, the unknown intermediary between Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir and our master Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu in this hadith has dropped.
The narration in Sharh al-Sunnah is also present in Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq. [ج11 ص 23، 24 ح 19799]
The author of the Musannaf: ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-San‘ani rahimahullah was a mudallis (one who practices tadlis),
Therefore, unless there is explicit mention of his hearing in the chain he narrates, it is not permissible to use it as evidence.
For the tadlis of Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq, see Kitab al-Du‘afa’ by al-‘Uqayli, vol. 3, pp. 110, 111, and its chain is authentic.
‘Abd al-Razzaq has narrated with a weak chain from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir that he considered sitting in the sun and shade permissible.
[ح19801 عن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم بن ابان]
Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq has narrated through the chain of «عن معمر عن قتادة» that Qatadah (the Tabi‘i) considered sitting in the sun and shade to be disliked (makruh). (Hadith 19800) Its chain is weak due to the tadlis of ‘Abd al-Razzaq.
The research on the two witnesses for the marfu‘ narration with the unknown Tabi‘i is as follows:
➊ «قتادة عن كثير (بن أبى كثير البصري) عن أبى عياض (عمرو بن الأسود العنسي) عن رجل من أصحاب النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم إلخ» [مسند احمد 413، 414/3 ح 15421]
In this, the narrator Qatadah is a mudallis and the narration is ‘an‘anah (narrated with “from”). Shaykh al-Albani rahimahullah has quoted from Abu Bakr al-Shafi‘i’s «حديثه» (manuscript 2/4) that al-Shu‘bah narrated from Qatadah. [السلسلة الصحيحه: 838]
The Shaykh did not mention the chain up to Shu‘bah, so this reference is also rejected.
On the contrary, Musaddad ibn Musarhad has narrated this narration mursal through the chain of «يحييٰ (بن سعيد القطان) عن شعبه». See Ithaf al-Maharah [16/2 ص 763 ح 21215]
It is clear that there is a problem in the connected chain due to tadlis.
This same narration with tadlis is present in al-Mustadrak al-Hakim [271/4 ح 7710] through the chain of «عن أبى هريرة»,
Both al-Hakim and al-Dhahabi declared it authentic, but its chain is weak due to the tadlis of Qatadah.
For a mursal narration of Qatadah, see: Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah [491/8 ح 25949]
➋ «أبو المنيب عن ابن بريدة عن أبيه أن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم نهي أن يقعد بين الظل و الشمس»
It is narrated from Buraydah (ibn al-Husayb radi Allahu anhu) that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade sitting in the sun and shade.
[ابن ماجه 3722، ابن ابي شيبه فى المصنف 491/8 ح 25954، المستدرك 272/4 ح 7714]
Its chain is hasan (good). [تسهيل الحاجة، قلمي ص 261]
Al-Busayri has declared it hasan.
From this detail, it is clear that without the words «مجلس الشيطان» or «مقعد الشيطان», this narration is hasan, therefore the narration in Sunan Abi Dawud also becomes hasan due to this.
‘Ikramah the Tabi‘i said:
Whoever sits in the sun and shade, such sitting is the sitting of Shaytan. [مصنف ابن ابي شيبه 4891/8 ح 25953 وسنده صحيح]
‘Ubayd ibn ‘Umayr (the Tabi‘i) said:
Sitting in the sun and shade is the sitting of Shaytan.
[ابن ابي شيبه: 25952 و سنده صحيح]
Therefore, one should avoid sitting in such a manner.
. . . For the original article, see . . .
Tawdih al-Ahkam (vol. 2, pp. 493–495) by Shaykh Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai rahimahullah
The narration in Mishkat is also found in Sunan Abi Dawud (Book of Manners, Chapter 15, Hadith 4821), Musnad al-Humaydi (with verification: 1145), and al-Sunan al-Kubra by al-Bayhaqi (3/236, 237) through the chain of «محمد بن المنكدر قال: حدثني من سمع أباهريرة».
In this, the doer of “haddathani” is «من سمع», who is unknown. Therefore, this chain is weak.
Al-Mundhiri said:
«وتابعيه مجهول»
And its (narrator) the Tabi‘i is unknown. [الترغيب و الترهيب 59/4]
Note:
The mention of this unknown Tabi‘i has dropped from Musnad Ahmad (2/383, Hadith 8976) and others.
The narration in Sharh al-Sunnah by al-Baghawi (12/301, Hadith 3335) is mawquf (stopped at the Companion) and munqati‘ (disconnected).
And in it, the unknown intermediary between Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir and our master Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu in this hadith has dropped.
The narration in Sharh al-Sunnah is also present in Musannaf ‘Abd al-Razzaq. [ج11 ص 23، 24 ح 19799]
The author of the Musannaf: ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-San‘ani rahimahullah was a mudallis (one who practices tadlis),
Therefore, unless there is explicit mention of his hearing in the chain he narrates, it is not permissible to use it as evidence.
For the tadlis of Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq, see Kitab al-Du‘afa’ by al-‘Uqayli, vol. 3, pp. 110, 111, and its chain is authentic.
‘Abd al-Razzaq has narrated with a weak chain from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir that he considered sitting in the sun and shade permissible.
[ح19801 عن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم بن ابان]
Imam ‘Abd al-Razzaq has narrated through the chain of «عن معمر عن قتادة» that Qatadah (the Tabi‘i) considered sitting in the sun and shade to be disliked (makruh). (Hadith 19800) Its chain is weak due to the tadlis of ‘Abd al-Razzaq.
The research on the two witnesses for the marfu‘ narration with the unknown Tabi‘i is as follows:
➊ «قتادة عن كثير (بن أبى كثير البصري) عن أبى عياض (عمرو بن الأسود العنسي) عن رجل من أصحاب النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم إلخ» [مسند احمد 413، 414/3 ح 15421]
In this, the narrator Qatadah is a mudallis and the narration is ‘an‘anah (narrated with “from”). Shaykh al-Albani rahimahullah has quoted from Abu Bakr al-Shafi‘i’s «حديثه» (manuscript 2/4) that al-Shu‘bah narrated from Qatadah. [السلسلة الصحيحه: 838]
The Shaykh did not mention the chain up to Shu‘bah, so this reference is also rejected.
On the contrary, Musaddad ibn Musarhad has narrated this narration mursal through the chain of «يحييٰ (بن سعيد القطان) عن شعبه». See Ithaf al-Maharah [16/2 ص 763 ح 21215]
It is clear that there is a problem in the connected chain due to tadlis.
This same narration with tadlis is present in al-Mustadrak al-Hakim [271/4 ح 7710] through the chain of «عن أبى هريرة»,
Both al-Hakim and al-Dhahabi declared it authentic, but its chain is weak due to the tadlis of Qatadah.
For a mursal narration of Qatadah, see: Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah [491/8 ح 25949]
➋ «أبو المنيب عن ابن بريدة عن أبيه أن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم نهي أن يقعد بين الظل و الشمس»
It is narrated from Buraydah (ibn al-Husayb radi Allahu anhu) that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam forbade sitting in the sun and shade.
[ابن ماجه 3722، ابن ابي شيبه فى المصنف 491/8 ح 25954، المستدرك 272/4 ح 7714]
Its chain is hasan (good). [تسهيل الحاجة، قلمي ص 261]
Al-Busayri has declared it hasan.
From this detail, it is clear that without the words «مجلس الشيطان» or «مقعد الشيطان», this narration is hasan, therefore the narration in Sunan Abi Dawud also becomes hasan due to this.
‘Ikramah the Tabi‘i said:
Whoever sits in the sun and shade, such sitting is the sitting of Shaytan. [مصنف ابن ابي شيبه 4891/8 ح 25953 وسنده صحيح]
‘Ubayd ibn ‘Umayr (the Tabi‘i) said:
Sitting in the sun and shade is the sitting of Shaytan.
[ابن ابي شيبه: 25952 و سنده صحيح]
Therefore, one should avoid sitting in such a manner.
. . . For the original article, see . . .
Tawdih al-Ahkam (vol. 2, pp. 493–495) by Shaykh Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai rahimahullah
Source: Fatawa Ilmiyyah (Tawdih al-Ahkam), Page: 493
