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مشكوة المصابيح
Mishkat al-Masabih
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
(بَعْضُ أَوْصَافِ الإِسْلَامِ)(Some qualities of Islam)
Hadith 46
اُردوEn
عَن عَمْرو بن عبسة قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -[21]- فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُول الله من تبعك عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ قَالَ حُرٌّ وَعَبْدٌ قُلْتُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ قَالَ طِيبُ الْكَلَامِ وَإِطْعَامُ الطَّعَامِ قُلْتُ مَا الْإِيمَانُ قَالَ الصَّبْرُ وَالسَّمَاحَةُ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَيُّ الْإِسْلَامِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَيُّ الْإِيمَانِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ خُلُقٌ حَسَنٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَيُّ الصَّلَاةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ طُولُ الْقُنُوتِ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَيُّ الْهِجْرَةِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ أَنْ تَهْجُرَ مَا كره رَبك عز وَجل قَالَ قلت فَأَيُّ الْجِهَادِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ مَنْ عُقِرَ جَوَادُهُ وَأُهْرِيقَ دَمُهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَيُّ السَّاعَاتِ أَفْضَلُ قَالَ جَوف اللَّيْل الآخر. . . رَوَاهُ أَحْمد
‘Amr b. ‘Abasa said: I came to God's messenger and asked, “Who is associated with you in this matter, messenger of God?” He replied, “Both freeman and slave.” I asked what Islam was and he said, I “Pleasant speech and the provision of food.” I asked what faith was and he said, “Endurance and benevolence.” I asked what aspect of Islam was most excellent, and he replied that it was to be seen in him from whose tongue and hand the Muslims were safe. I asked what aspect of faith was most excellent, and he replied that it was a good disposition. I asked what feature of prayer was most excellent, and he replied that it consisted in standing for a long time in [silent] humility. I asked him what aspect of emigration (hijra) was most excellent, and he replied, “Abandoning (an tahjura) what your Lord abhors.” I asked what aspect of jihad was most excellent, and he replied that it was when a man’s steed was wounded and his blood was shed. I asked him which hour was most excellent, and he replied that it was towards the end of the darkest part of the night. Ahmad transmitted it.
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Investigation and Authentication:
Its chain of narration is weak.
Besides Imam Ahmad, Ibn Majah [2794 مختصراً جداً] and ‘Abd bin Humaid [المنتخب : 300 مطولاً] have narrated it through the chain of «حجاج بن دينار عن محمد بن ذكوان عن شهر بن حوشب عن عمرو بن عبسه» (radi Allahu anhu).
This chain is weak for two reasons:
➊ Muhammad bin Dhakwan al-Misri al-Azdi: He is weak. See: [تقريب التهذيب : 5871]
➋ This chain is disconnected (munqati‘). Abu Hatim al-Razi said that Shahr bin Hawshab did not hear (anything) from ‘Amr bin ‘Abasah. [كتاب المراسل لابن ابي حاتم ص89]
The same has been stated by Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi as well.
Note:
➊ The present writer has, in «تسهيل الحاجة فى تحقيق سنن ابن ماجه», declared the brief narration of Ibn Majah «أي الجهاد أفضل ؟ قال : ”من أهريق دمه وعقر جواده» to be authentic due to supporting narrations (shawahid). [سهيل الحاجة قلمي ص22 ح2794] Because in Sunan Abi Dawud [1449] there is a supporting narration (shahid) for this text which is hasan (good) in itself (li-dhatih).
Note:
➋ From the biography of Sayyiduna ‘Amr bin ‘Abasah radi Allahu anhu, it is known that he came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in the very early period of Islam, accepted Islam, and then left. Later, after the dominance of Islam and the blessings of jihad, he came to Madinah. Due to his weakness, the narrator Muhammad bin Dhakwan has mixed up the text of the narration, mentioning jihad and prayer, etc., in the very early period.
Note:
➌ When a narration is proven to be weak, then there is no need to write its benefits or jurisprudence of hadith (fiqh al-hadith).
Its chain of narration is weak.
Besides Imam Ahmad, Ibn Majah [2794 مختصراً جداً] and ‘Abd bin Humaid [المنتخب : 300 مطولاً] have narrated it through the chain of «حجاج بن دينار عن محمد بن ذكوان عن شهر بن حوشب عن عمرو بن عبسه» (radi Allahu anhu).
This chain is weak for two reasons:
➊ Muhammad bin Dhakwan al-Misri al-Azdi: He is weak. See: [تقريب التهذيب : 5871]
➋ This chain is disconnected (munqati‘). Abu Hatim al-Razi said that Shahr bin Hawshab did not hear (anything) from ‘Amr bin ‘Abasah. [كتاب المراسل لابن ابي حاتم ص89]
The same has been stated by Abu Zur‘ah al-Razi as well.
Note:
➊ The present writer has, in «تسهيل الحاجة فى تحقيق سنن ابن ماجه», declared the brief narration of Ibn Majah «أي الجهاد أفضل ؟ قال : ”من أهريق دمه وعقر جواده» to be authentic due to supporting narrations (shawahid). [سهيل الحاجة قلمي ص22 ح2794] Because in Sunan Abi Dawud [1449] there is a supporting narration (shahid) for this text which is hasan (good) in itself (li-dhatih).
Note:
➋ From the biography of Sayyiduna ‘Amr bin ‘Abasah radi Allahu anhu, it is known that he came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam in the very early period of Islam, accepted Islam, and then left. Later, after the dominance of Islam and the blessings of jihad, he came to Madinah. Due to his weakness, the narrator Muhammad bin Dhakwan has mixed up the text of the narration, mentioning jihad and prayer, etc., in the very early period.
Note:
➌ When a narration is proven to be weak, then there is no need to write its benefits or jurisprudence of hadith (fiqh al-hadith).
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 46
