مشكوة المصابيح
Mishkat al-Masabih
كتاب الإيمانThe Book of Faith
(سِتَّةُ أَصْنَافٍ مَلْعُونِينَ)(Six types of cursed people)
Hadith 111
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ذَرَارِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: «مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ» . فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِلَا عَمَلٍ؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ» . قُلْتُ فذاراري الْمُشْرِكِينَ؟ قَالَ: «مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ» . قُلْتُ: بِلَا عَمَلٍ؟ قَالَ: «اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد
‘A’isha said: I asked, “Messenger of God, what happens to the offspring of believers?’’ He replied, “They are joined to their parents." I asked, “Although they have done nothing, messenger of God” lie replied, “God knows best what they were doing.” I asked, “What happens to the offspring of polytheists?” He replied, “They are joined to their parents.” I asked, “Although they have done nothing?” He replied, “God knows best what they were doing.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication:
The chain of narration for this report is authentic.
● Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid has explicitly stated continuous hearing (sama‘ muttasil), see: [الشريعه الاجري ص 195], and Muhammad ibn Harb has corroborated him. [سنن ابي داؤد : 4712]
● In Musnad Ahmad [ج6 ص84 ح24545], there is also another chain for this narration.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ In this hadith as well, the issue of divine decree (qadar) is mentioned. Also see: Monthly al-Hadith: [36 ص9]
➋ From the statement of Sayyidah Aishah radi Allahu anha, “without action,” it is understood that, according to the noble Companions, action is also part of faith (iman), and along with affirmation and declaration, action is also necessary.
➌ Who will go where? Allah alone knows. Everything is within His knowledge, and this is what is called divine decree (qadar).
➍ If an issue is not known, one should ask the people of remembrance (ahl al-dhikr, i.e., the scholars).
The chain of narration for this report is authentic.
● Baqiyyah ibn al-Walid has explicitly stated continuous hearing (sama‘ muttasil), see: [الشريعه الاجري ص 195], and Muhammad ibn Harb has corroborated him. [سنن ابي داؤد : 4712]
● In Musnad Ahmad [ج6 ص84 ح24545], there is also another chain for this narration.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ In this hadith as well, the issue of divine decree (qadar) is mentioned. Also see: Monthly al-Hadith: [36 ص9]
➋ From the statement of Sayyidah Aishah radi Allahu anha, “without action,” it is understood that, according to the noble Companions, action is also part of faith (iman), and along with affirmation and declaration, action is also necessary.
➌ Who will go where? Allah alone knows. Everything is within His knowledge, and this is what is called divine decree (qadar).
➍ If an issue is not known, one should ask the people of remembrance (ahl al-dhikr, i.e., the scholars).
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 111
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
What will be the fate of children? This is a matter worthy of consideration.
They are born upon the natural disposition (fitrah) of Islam, whether they are born in the house of a Muslim or a disbeliever.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Tafsir, Surah al-Rum, Chapter: “There is no altering the creation of Allah”, Hadith: 4775) Disbelievers mold their children according to their own religion and thus make them disbelievers; this reality is made clear from the ahadith of this chapter, 4714 and 4716.
If the children of non-Muslims and polytheists die before reaching the age of discernment, and their parents are disbelievers, then their ruling in this world will be that of the disbelievers: they will not be given a ritual bath (ghusl), nor will they be shrouded, nor will the funeral prayer be performed for them, nor will they be buried with the Muslims, because they are disbelievers along with their parents. As for the Hereafter, their matter is left to Allah Ta’ala. In a sahih hadith, when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about the children of the polytheists, he said: (Allah knows best what they would have done) (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Qadar, Chapter: Allah knows best what they would have done, Hadith: 6597). Allah Ta’ala knows best what deeds they would have done. The most correct opinion regarding them is that Allah Ta’ala will give them a command on the Day of Resurrection and test them; if they obey Allah Ta’ala’s command, He will admit them into Paradise, and if they disobey, then Allah Ta’ala will consign them to Hell.
It is established from authentic ahadith that the people of the interval (Ahl al-Fatrah—those to whom the call of the Prophets did not reach)
will be tested on the Day of Resurrection.
The most correct and preponderant opinion regarding the people of the interval is this, which was also chosen by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Imam Ibn al-Qayyim,
the noble Shaykh Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin, and the noble Shaykh Abdul Aziz Abdullah ibn Baz (rahimahullah). Likewise, those who are under their ruling, such as the children of the polytheists, will also be tested, because the statement of Allah Ta’ala is: (And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger) ().
(For further details, see Sunan Abu Dawud, Book of Jihad, Hadith: 2521)
What will be the fate of children? This is a matter worthy of consideration.
They are born upon the natural disposition (fitrah) of Islam, whether they are born in the house of a Muslim or a disbeliever.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Tafsir, Surah al-Rum, Chapter: “There is no altering the creation of Allah”, Hadith: 4775) Disbelievers mold their children according to their own religion and thus make them disbelievers; this reality is made clear from the ahadith of this chapter, 4714 and 4716.
If the children of non-Muslims and polytheists die before reaching the age of discernment, and their parents are disbelievers, then their ruling in this world will be that of the disbelievers: they will not be given a ritual bath (ghusl), nor will they be shrouded, nor will the funeral prayer be performed for them, nor will they be buried with the Muslims, because they are disbelievers along with their parents. As for the Hereafter, their matter is left to Allah Ta’ala. In a sahih hadith, when the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about the children of the polytheists, he said: (Allah knows best what they would have done) (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Qadar, Chapter: Allah knows best what they would have done, Hadith: 6597). Allah Ta’ala knows best what deeds they would have done. The most correct opinion regarding them is that Allah Ta’ala will give them a command on the Day of Resurrection and test them; if they obey Allah Ta’ala’s command, He will admit them into Paradise, and if they disobey, then Allah Ta’ala will consign them to Hell.
It is established from authentic ahadith that the people of the interval (Ahl al-Fatrah—those to whom the call of the Prophets did not reach)
will be tested on the Day of Resurrection.
The most correct and preponderant opinion regarding the people of the interval is this, which was also chosen by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Imam Ibn al-Qayyim,
the noble Shaykh Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin, and the noble Shaykh Abdul Aziz Abdullah ibn Baz (rahimahullah). Likewise, those who are under their ruling, such as the children of the polytheists, will also be tested, because the statement of Allah Ta’ala is: (And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger) ().
(For further details, see Sunan Abu Dawud, Book of Jihad, Hadith: 2521)
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 4712
