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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب إقامة الصلاة والسنةEstablishing the Prayer and the Sunnah Regarding Them
بَابُ : مَا يَقْطَعُ الصَّلاَةَChapter: What severs the Prayer
Hadith 952
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " يَقْطَعُ الصَّلَاةَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِثْلُ مُؤَخِّرَةِ الرَّحْلِ : الْمَرْأَةُ ، وَالْحِمَارُ ، وَالْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ " ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ : مَا بَالُ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْأَحْمَرِ ؟ فقَالَ : سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا سَأَلْتَنِي فَقَالَ : " الْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ شَيْطَانٌ " .
´It was narrated from ‘Abdullah bin Samit from Abu Dharr, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:` “The prayer is severed by a woman, a donkey, and a black dog, if there is not something like the handle of a saddle in front of a man.” I (‘Abdullah) said: “What is wrong with a black dog and not a red one?” He (Abu Dharr) said: ‘I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) the same question, and he said: “The black dog is a Shaitan (satan).”
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: The majority have interpreted these narrations to mean that by “the prayer being broken” is intended the occurrence of deficiency and disturbance in the prayer due to distraction, not that the prayer is actually invalidated. The views of the scholars have already been mentioned in the above footnotes. Among those scholars who have held that the passing of these three things invalidates the prayer are Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-Qayyim, Ibn Qudamah, and the Zahiris. According to them, those narrations in which it is stated that the prayer does not have to be repeated are general hadiths, from which these three mentioned things are excepted. Thus, the previous hadith will be considered as a general statement that has been specified, and the hadith of Abu Dharr radi Allahu anhu will be acted upon.
2؎: That is, Satan comes in the form of a dog in order to break the prayer, or that the black dog itself is Satan, meaning it is wicked and inauspicious. In short, the invalidation of the prayer by it is a legal ruling (hukm shar‘i) in which analogy (qiyas) has no place. And it is astonishing that the Hanafis, based on a weak hadith, consider loud laughter (qahqahah) to break ablution (wudu) and abandon analogy, but here they do not accept a sound hadith when it goes against analogy. Some people have taken this literally and said that Satan takes the form of a black dog, and some have said that the black dog is more harmful than other dogs, which is why it has been called Satan.
2؎: That is, Satan comes in the form of a dog in order to break the prayer, or that the black dog itself is Satan, meaning it is wicked and inauspicious. In short, the invalidation of the prayer by it is a legal ruling (hukm shar‘i) in which analogy (qiyas) has no place. And it is astonishing that the Hanafis, based on a weak hadith, consider loud laughter (qahqahah) to break ablution (wudu) and abandon analogy, but here they do not accept a sound hadith when it goes against analogy. Some people have taken this literally and said that Satan takes the form of a black dog, and some have said that the black dog is more harmful than other dogs, which is why it has been called Satan.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The meaning of the hadith is that Satan brings the black dog in front of the person praying, or Satan himself comes in the form of a dog, so that the attention of the one praying is drawn towards it. In any case, some animals have an affinity with Satan, and there is a greater element of mischief in them.
➋
The passing of these (things) actually breaks the prayer. There is a difference of opinion regarding this. One group of scholars holds that the prayer is indeed broken, as is apparent from the literal wording of the hadith. Other scholars say that what is meant by breaking the prayer is a reduction in humility and submissiveness (khushu‘ and khudu‘). A third opinion is that this hadith is abrogated, and its abrogator is this hadith: (لَايَقْطَعُ الصَّلاَةَ شَيْئٌُ)
(Sunan Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Salat, Chapter: Whoever said nothing breaks..., Hadith: 719)
“Nothing breaks the prayer.” However, the first position is more correct, because it is supported by another authentic hadith in which it is stated:
(تعاد الصلاة من ممر الحمار والمرأة والكلب الأسود)
(Al-Silsilah al-Sahihah: 959/7, Hadith: 3323)
“The prayer is to be repeated if a donkey, a woman, or a black dog passes in front (of the one praying).” And those who have used (لَايَقْطَعُ الصَّلاَةَ شَيْئٌُ) as evidence, according to them, these three things will be excluded from that generality, those things whose passing breaks the prayer, and they are: a woman, a donkey, and a black dog. From the generality of this hadith, these three things will be exempted, meaning that if they pass in front, the prayer will be broken and its repetition will be necessary. However, apart from these, the passing of anything else does not break the prayer. And Allah knows best.
➊
The meaning of the hadith is that Satan brings the black dog in front of the person praying, or Satan himself comes in the form of a dog, so that the attention of the one praying is drawn towards it. In any case, some animals have an affinity with Satan, and there is a greater element of mischief in them.
➋
The passing of these (things) actually breaks the prayer. There is a difference of opinion regarding this. One group of scholars holds that the prayer is indeed broken, as is apparent from the literal wording of the hadith. Other scholars say that what is meant by breaking the prayer is a reduction in humility and submissiveness (khushu‘ and khudu‘). A third opinion is that this hadith is abrogated, and its abrogator is this hadith: (لَايَقْطَعُ الصَّلاَةَ شَيْئٌُ)
(Sunan Abi Dawud, Kitab al-Salat, Chapter: Whoever said nothing breaks..., Hadith: 719)
“Nothing breaks the prayer.” However, the first position is more correct, because it is supported by another authentic hadith in which it is stated:
(تعاد الصلاة من ممر الحمار والمرأة والكلب الأسود)
(Al-Silsilah al-Sahihah: 959/7, Hadith: 3323)
“The prayer is to be repeated if a donkey, a woman, or a black dog passes in front (of the one praying).” And those who have used (لَايَقْطَعُ الصَّلاَةَ شَيْئٌُ) as evidence, according to them, these three things will be excluded from that generality, those things whose passing breaks the prayer, and they are: a woman, a donkey, and a black dog. From the generality of this hadith, these three things will be exempted, meaning that if they pass in front, the prayer will be broken and its repetition will be necessary. However, apart from these, the passing of anything else does not break the prayer. And Allah knows best.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 952
