Ibn Majah

Benefits and Issues:
➊
Our esteemed researcher has declared the mentioned narration to be weak in its chain of transmission. However, other scholars have considered it authentic (sahih) and good (hasan). For details, see: (Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah, Musnad Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: 5/73, Hadith: 2895; Sifat al-Salat by al-Albani; Sunan Ibn Majah with the verification of Dr. Bashar ‘Awwad: 2/163, 164, Hadith: 898). Therefore, despite the mentioned narration being weak in its chain, it is still valid as evidence and actionable.

➋
This supplication is also found in Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi and Sunan Abu Dawud with slightly different wording. Below, the supplication is also recorded according to both these narrations, so that you may recite the supplication in whichever form you wish.

(a)
(اللهم اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاجْبُرْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي وَارْزُقْنِي)
(Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi, Kitab al-Salat, Chapter: What is said between the two prostrations, Hadith: 284)
“O Allah! Forgive me, have mercy on me, mend my deficiencies, guide me, and provide for me.”

(b)
(اللهم اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَعَافِنِي، وَاجْبُرْنِي، وَاهْدِنِي وَارْزُقْنِي)
“O Allah! Forgive me, have mercy on me, grant me well-being, mend my deficiencies, guide me, and provide for me.”
(Sunan Abu Dawud, Kitab al-Salat, Chapter: Supplication between the two prostrations, Hadith: 850)

➌
Reciting this supplication is Sunnah. However, some people are heedless of it—rather, they are extremely heedless. Imam al-Shawkani rahimahullah expresses regret over this in the following manner: “People have abandoned the Sunnah established by authentic ahadith. In this, their hadith scholars, jurists, mujtahids, and followers are all included. It is not known what these people are relying upon.” (Nayl al-Awtar: 3/293) Furthermore, Shaykh Ibn Baz rahimahullah and some other scholars and imams have declared that at the very least, reciting (رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي) is obligatory.

1:
This hadith indicates that reciting this supplication between the two prostrations is Sunnah. In some narrations, there is the addition of ((wa-rfa‘ni)), and in some, there are only the brief words ((Rabbighfir li)). In other narrations, there are slight variations in the wording. Therefore, whichever supplication is recited according to the situation, it is correct.

850. Commentary:
The wording of this supplication in Sunan al-Tirmidhi is as follows: «اللهم اغفر لي وارحمني وا جبرني واهدني وارزقني» The meaning of «اجبرني» is: O Allah! Mend the broken state. See: [سنن تر مذي۔ الصلواة باب ما يقول بين السجدتين حديث 284]

Reciting this supplication is Sunnah, but some people are heedless of it, in fact, they are extremely heedless. Shaykh Shawkani expresses regret over this in the following manner: People have abandoned the Sunnah established by authentic ahadith; in this, their hadith scholars, jurists, mujtahids, and followers are all involved. It is unknown what these people are relying upon. [نيل الاوطار293/2]

In a hadith of Sunan Abu Dawud, there is also mention of reciting only «رب اغفر لي . رب اغفر لي». See: Hadith [878] Shaykh Ibn Baz rahimahullah and some other scholars and imams say that reciting at least this much is obligatory.

Lexical Explanation:
«عَافِنِي» is derived from "mu‘afaat." This is a supplicatory form, i.e., an imperative used for supplication. The meaning is: grant me safety and well-being.

Benefits and Issues:
➊ Various supplications from the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam are transmitted for different occasions in prayer. Similarly, reciting the above-mentioned supplication during the sitting between the two prostrations is also transmitted. In some narrations, the addition of «وَارْفَعْنِي» and in others «وَاجْبُرْنِي» is also transmitted. [جامع الترمذي، الصلاة، حديث : 284، وسنن ابن ماجه، إقامة الصلوات، حديث : 898] And in some, briefly, the words «رَبِّ اغْفِرْلِي، رَبِّ اغْفِرْلِي» are mentioned. [سنن أبى داود، الصلاة، حديث : 874] Therefore, whichever supplication is recited according to the situation is correct.
➋ Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah made an error in mentioning the words of the supplication; after mentioning the supplication, he states that these words are from Abu Dawud, whereas in Abu Dawud, after «وَارْحَمْنِي», instead of «وَاهْدِنِي», the word «عَافِنِي» is mentioned. And this is the correct version.
➌ Our esteemed researcher has declared the mentioned narration weak in its chain and further written that the mentioned supplication is transmitted as a mawquf narration from Mak’hool rahimahullah, i.e., his own statement is transmitted with a sound chain. See the research and verification of this hadith. In addition, other researchers have declared it authentic (sahih) and good (hasan). For details, see: [الموسوعة الحديثية مسند الإمام أحمد : 73/5، وصفة الصلاة للألباني] Therefore, despite the mentioned narration being weak in its chain, it is still actionable and a valid proof.