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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب السنةThe Book of the Sunnah
بَابٌ في الْقَدَرِChapter: Regarding the Divine Decree (Qadr)
Hadith 82
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ عَائِشَةَ بِنْتِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، قَالَتْ : دُعِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى جِنَازَةِ غُلَامٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، طُوبَى لِهَذَا عُصْفُورٌ مِنْ عَصَافِيرِ الْجَنَّةِ ، لَمْ يَعْمَلِ السُّوءَ ، وَلَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ ، قَالَ : " أَوَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ يَا عَائِشَةُ ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ لِلْجَنَّةِ أَهْلًا ، خَلَقَهُمْ لَهَا وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ ، وَخَلَقَ لِلنَّارِ أَهْلًا خَلَقَهُمْ لَهَا ، وَهُمْ فِي أَصْلَابِ آبَائِهِمْ " .
´It was narrated that 'Aishah the Mother of the Believers said:` "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was called to the funeral of a child from among the Ansar. I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, glad tidings for him! He is one of the little birds of Paradise, who never did evil or reached the age of doing evil (i.e, the age of accountability).' He said: 'It may not be so, O 'Aishah! For Allah created people for Paradise, He created them for it when they were still in their father's loins, And He has created people for Hell, He created them for it when they were still in their fathers' loins.'"
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: The meaning of what Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha radi Allahu anha said was that since this child had not committed any sin, therefore he is certainly among the people of Paradise. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam refuted this certainty, stating that it is not correct to declare anyone to be of Paradise without evidence. The decision of being among the people of Paradise or Hellfire was made by Allah Ta’ala even before mankind came into the world, and since this is unknown to us, how can we declare anyone to be definitively and certainly among the people of Paradise or Hellfire? This hadith appears to be in conflict with another hadith in which it is stated that Muslim children who die in childhood will be with their parents. Furthermore, the scholars are almost unanimously agreed that the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise. The answer given regarding this hadith is that the intention was to prevent Umm al-Mu’minin Aisha radi Allahu anha from hastily making a judgment about someone being of Paradise or Hellfire. Some have said: this refers to a time when the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had not yet been informed that Muslim children are among the people of Paradise.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Commentary:
(1)
The certainty with which Aisha radi Allahu anha declared this boy to be among the people of Paradise was not liked by the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he said that the knowledge of this matter rests solely with Allah. Imam Nawawi rahimahullah has stated that there is consensus among the scholars that all the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise, and indeed, numerous ahadith also support this ruling. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam may have stated this hadith at a time when he did not have knowledge of this matter, and later Allah the Exalted granted him knowledge of it.
(2)
This narration establishes the proof of predestination (qadar).
(1)
The certainty with which Aisha radi Allahu anha declared this boy to be among the people of Paradise was not liked by the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and he said that the knowledge of this matter rests solely with Allah. Imam Nawawi rahimahullah has stated that there is consensus among the scholars that all the children of Muslims are among the people of Paradise, and indeed, numerous ahadith also support this ruling. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam may have stated this hadith at a time when he did not have knowledge of this matter, and later Allah the Exalted granted him knowledge of it.
(2)
This narration establishes the proof of predestination (qadar).
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 82
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Takhrij:
[صحيح مسلم 6768]
Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ One should not make an absolute judgment about any person that he is destined for Paradise or Hell, except in cases that are clearly established by the Qur’an and Hadith.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding the deceased minor children of Muslims. The preferred view is that these children will be in Paradise along with their believing parents. As for the children of disbelievers, according to the preferred opinion, their knowledge is with Allah alone, and the funeral prayer is not performed for the deceased children of disbelievers.
➌ Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam about the children of believers. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked: “And the children of the polytheists?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” [سنن ابي داود : 4712، وسنده صحيح]
[صحيح مسلم 6768]
Fiqh al-Hadith:
➊ One should not make an absolute judgment about any person that he is destined for Paradise or Hell, except in cases that are clearly established by the Qur’an and Hadith.
➋ There is a difference of opinion among the scholars regarding the deceased minor children of Muslims. The preferred view is that these children will be in Paradise along with their believing parents. As for the children of disbelievers, according to the preferred opinion, their knowledge is with Allah alone, and the funeral prayer is not performed for the deceased children of disbelievers.
➌ Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam about the children of believers. He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He sallallahu alayhi wa sallam replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” Sayyidah A’ishah radi Allahu anha asked: “And the children of the polytheists?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “They are with their parents.” She asked: “Without any deeds?” He (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) replied: “Allah knows what deeds they would have done.” [سنن ابي داود : 4712، وسنده صحيح]
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 84
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
From this hadith, it is established that those innocent children who pass away will enter Paradise, and furthermore, that divine decree (qadar) is true. No one except Allah knows who will enter Hell and who will enter Paradise. We have not been given the right to declare about people that so-and-so is destined for Paradise or so-and-so is destined for Hell; this knowledge rests solely with Allah, the Exalted.
From this hadith, it is established that those innocent children who pass away will enter Paradise, and furthermore, that divine decree (qadar) is true. No one except Allah knows who will enter Hell and who will enter Paradise. We have not been given the right to declare about people that so-and-so is destined for Paradise or so-and-so is destined for Hell; this knowledge rests solely with Allah, the Exalted.
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 267
