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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب السنةThe Book of the Sunnah
بَابُ : اجْتِنَابِ الْبِدَعِ وَالْجَدَلِChapter: Avoiding Bid'ah (innovation) and dispute
Hadith 48
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ . ح وحَدَّثَنَا حَوْثَرَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي غَالِبٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا ضَلَّ قَوْمٌ بَعْدَ هُدًى كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أُوتُوا الْجَدَلَ " ، ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ سورة الزخرف آية 58 الْآيَةَ .
´It was narrated that Abu Umamah said:` "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'No people go astray after having followed right guidance, but those who indulge in disputes.' Then he recited the Verse: "Nay! But they are a quarrelsome people.'"
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎: The full verse is as follows: «ولما ضرب ابن مريم مثلا إذا قومك منه يصدون (57) وقالوا أآلهتنا خير أم هو ما ضربوه لك إلا جدلا بل هم قوم خصمون» (Surah Az-Zukhruf: 58) "And when the example of Isa son of Maryam was presented, your people cried out with joy at it, and they said, 'Are our gods better, or is he?' They say this to you only for the sake of argument; rather, they are a quarrelsome people." Most commentators are of the opinion that when this verse was revealed, Ibn az-Zub‘ari argued and debated with the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and the situation was as follows: When this verse was revealed: «إنكم وما تعبدون من دون الله حصب جهنم» "You and those you worship besides Allah are fuel for Hell" (Surah Al-Anbiya: 98), Ibn az-Zub‘ari said to him (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), "I have defeated you in argument and proof, by the Lord of the Ka‘bah! Just consider: the Christians worship the Messiah, and the Jews worship ‘Uzair, and likewise the Banu Mulayh worship the angels. So if these are in Hell, then we are content that our gods will be with them." Thus, the disbelievers and wicked ones laughed greatly and burst into laughter at this. So Allah the Exalted revealed this verse: «إن الذين سبقت لهم منا الحسنى أولئك عنها مبعدون» "Indeed, those for whom the best [reward] from Us has preceded, they will be removed far from it [Hell]" (Surah Al-Anbiya: 101). In reality, the objection of Ibn az-Zub‘ari was filled with foolishness, for Allah the Exalted said: «وما تعبدون», meaning those things which you worship, and the word «ما» in Arabic is used for those without intellect; the angels and prophets are beings with intellect, so how could they be included in this? And despite being people of the language, he did not consider this aspect. «جدال» refers to presenting false and fabricated statements in opposition to the truth, and of the same category is presenting analogy and opinion in front of clear evidence and proof, or presenting the statement of an imam or scholar in opposition to an authentic hadith. In summary, whatever is presented for the rejection and invalidation of the truth is considered argumentation (jidal), which has been frequently condemned in the Noble Qur'an.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Commentary:
(1)
The term "jadal" refers to false and deceptive discourse in opposition to the truth.
(2)
Allah Ta'ala sent the noble Prophets (alayhimussalam) so that they may distinguish between truth and falsehood. Then, some people accept faith, while others, even after the truth has become clear, persist in falsehood. Among those who are called believers, some possess firm and complete faith, while others have weak faith. There is a danger regarding these latter individuals that they may once again choose the wrong path. Therefore, believers should continue to supplicate for steadfastness so that their end may be upon faith.
(3)
Sometimes, the future generations of those with firm faith may be weak in faith or even deprived of faith altogether. Such people consider it necessary, for worldly benefit, to be called Muslims, yet they do not find the courage to act upon the teachings of Islam as is their due. Thus, they attempt to justify their erroneous conduct by misinterpreting some verse or hadith, thereby seeking to satisfy their own conscience and silence their critics. However, since their arguments are weak, a door to debate and disputation is opened, and due to their pursuit of desires, the unity of the Ummah is torn apart.
(4)
The natural and correct way to end differences is that discussion and debate should be conducted with sincerity and with the spirit of seeking the truth. When one position is proven correct, it should be accepted.
(1)
The term "jadal" refers to false and deceptive discourse in opposition to the truth.
(2)
Allah Ta'ala sent the noble Prophets (alayhimussalam) so that they may distinguish between truth and falsehood. Then, some people accept faith, while others, even after the truth has become clear, persist in falsehood. Among those who are called believers, some possess firm and complete faith, while others have weak faith. There is a danger regarding these latter individuals that they may once again choose the wrong path. Therefore, believers should continue to supplicate for steadfastness so that their end may be upon faith.
(3)
Sometimes, the future generations of those with firm faith may be weak in faith or even deprived of faith altogether. Such people consider it necessary, for worldly benefit, to be called Muslims, yet they do not find the courage to act upon the teachings of Islam as is their due. Thus, they attempt to justify their erroneous conduct by misinterpreting some verse or hadith, thereby seeking to satisfy their own conscience and silence their critics. However, since their arguments are weak, a door to debate and disputation is opened, and due to their pursuit of desires, the unity of the Ummah is torn apart.
(4)
The natural and correct way to end differences is that discussion and debate should be conducted with sincerity and with the spirit of seeking the truth. When one position is proven correct, it should be accepted.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 48
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
These people say this before you only as a means of argument, rather, these people are by nature quarrelsome (al-Zukhruf: 58).
1:
These people say this before you only as a means of argument, rather, these people are by nature quarrelsome (al-Zukhruf: 58).
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3253
Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai
Hadith Authentication
Its chain is hasan (good).
Both al-Hakim [448/2] and al-Dhahabi have declared it sahih (authentic).
◄ In this narration, the two narrators, Hajjaj ibn Dinar and Abu Ghalib, were considered trustworthy (thiqa) by the majority of hadith scholars, thus they are narrators of hasan hadith.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ To dispute against the truth is the way of the disbelievers of Quraysh.
➋ Raising obligatory objections against the Qur’an and Hadith is rejected.
➌ A general proof cannot be presented in opposition to a specific proof.
➍ Disbelievers and polytheists also try to present arguments to prove their false beliefs, even though their arguments are false.
➎ It is wrong for the people of truth to debate among themselves, but remember, if there is a need to debate with the people of falsehood, then one should debate on matters of creed and fundamentals, not engage in discussions over trivial issues.
➏ The Qur’an and Hadith are explanations, commentaries, and clarifications of each other.
➐ Setting the Qur’an and Hadith against each other is misguidance.
➑ Creating doubts in the true religion is the work of misguided people. See: [مشكوٰة المصابيح مع فوائد غزنويه ج 1ص 232 تحت ح 171]
➒ Those who commit shirk (polytheism) and kufr (disbelief) worship two types of deities besides Allah:
First:
Those who were pleased with their worship; these false deities, along with the polytheists and disbelievers, will also be in Hell.
Second:
Those who were not pleased with their worship, rather they were opposed to shirk and kufr. Allah, exalted is He, will save them from Hell and punishment, and they will be free from those who worshipped them. For example, our master ‘Isa (Jesus) alayhis-salam will be free from those who considered him the son of Allah and Lord.
➓ All disbelievers and polytheists are actively striving to extinguish the true religion, but in opposition to the truth, these very people will be humiliated and disgraced and will suffer eternal punishment.
Its chain is hasan (good).
Both al-Hakim [448/2] and al-Dhahabi have declared it sahih (authentic).
◄ In this narration, the two narrators, Hajjaj ibn Dinar and Abu Ghalib, were considered trustworthy (thiqa) by the majority of hadith scholars, thus they are narrators of hasan hadith.
Jurisprudence of the Hadith:
➊ To dispute against the truth is the way of the disbelievers of Quraysh.
➋ Raising obligatory objections against the Qur’an and Hadith is rejected.
➌ A general proof cannot be presented in opposition to a specific proof.
➍ Disbelievers and polytheists also try to present arguments to prove their false beliefs, even though their arguments are false.
➎ It is wrong for the people of truth to debate among themselves, but remember, if there is a need to debate with the people of falsehood, then one should debate on matters of creed and fundamentals, not engage in discussions over trivial issues.
➏ The Qur’an and Hadith are explanations, commentaries, and clarifications of each other.
➐ Setting the Qur’an and Hadith against each other is misguidance.
➑ Creating doubts in the true religion is the work of misguided people. See: [مشكوٰة المصابيح مع فوائد غزنويه ج 1ص 232 تحت ح 171]
➒ Those who commit shirk (polytheism) and kufr (disbelief) worship two types of deities besides Allah:
First:
Those who were pleased with their worship; these false deities, along with the polytheists and disbelievers, will also be in Hell.
Second:
Those who were not pleased with their worship, rather they were opposed to shirk and kufr. Allah, exalted is He, will save them from Hell and punishment, and they will be free from those who worshipped them. For example, our master ‘Isa (Jesus) alayhis-salam will be free from those who considered him the son of Allah and Lord.
➓ All disbelievers and polytheists are actively striving to extinguish the true religion, but in opposition to the truth, these very people will be humiliated and disgraced and will suffer eternal punishment.
Source: Adwa al-Masabih fi Tahqiq Mishkat al-Masabih, Page: 180
