Ibn Majah

Authentication of the Hadith:
The chain of narration for this report is weak.
◄ Its narrator, Abu Bakr al-Ansi, is either unknown (majhool), as stated by Imam Ibn ‘Adi, or he is Abu Bakr ibn Abi Maryam al-Ansi, as written by Hafiz Ibn Hajar. See: [تقريب التهذيب : 7998]
◄ Abu Bakr ibn Abi Maryam al-Ansi is a well-known weak narrator. See: [تقريب التهذيب 7947] and the general books of narrators’ biographies.

Note:
Belief in divine decree (qadar) is established by the Qur’an, hadith, and the consensus of the righteous predecessors (salaf saliheen). Belief in qadar means that whatever has happened, is happening, and will happen in the world is all within Allah’s knowledge and power, and He wrote it down fifty thousand years before the creation of the universe. Whoever chooses the path of good, Allah has prepared Paradise for him out of His grace and bounty, and whoever chooses the path of evil, Allah has prepared Hell for him.
We supplicate to Allah that He, out of His grace, bounty, and mercy, saves us from Hell and admits us to Paradise. (Ameen)

◈ Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani writes:
«ومذهب السلف قاطبة أن الأمور كلها بتقدير الله تعاليٰ»
“And the creed of all (the righteous predecessors) is that all matters are by Allah’s decree.” [فتح الباري 11؍478 تحت ح6594]
The statement of Allah, the Exalted, is:
«إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ»
“Indeed, We have created everything according to a measure.” [القمر : 49]
It is narrated from our master Abu Hurairah radi Allahu anhu that when the polytheists of Quraysh disputed about qadar in the presence of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, this (aforementioned) verse was revealed. [صحیح مسلم : 2656، دار السلام : 6752]
Allah, the Exalted, said:
«وَاللَّـهُ خَلَقَكُمْ وَمَا تَعْمَلُونَ»
“And Allah created you and what you do.” [الصٰفٰت : 96]
In the explanation of this verse, Imam Bukhari says:
“So Allah informed that all deeds and their doers are created.” [خلق افعال العباد ص25 ح117]
For other verses about qadar, see the book [الشريعة للآجري ص150 تا 172]
The doctrine of qadar is established by mass-transmitted (mutawatir in meaning) hadiths.

◈ Imam Malik said:
«ما أضل من كذب بالقدر، لو لم يكن عليهم فيه حجة إلا قوله تعالىٰ : ﴿خَلَقَكُمْ فَمِنكُمْ كَافِرٌ وَمِنكُم مُّؤْمِنٌ﴾ لكفيٰ بها حجة»
“No one is more misguided than the one who denies qadar. If there were only this statement of Allah, the Exalted, as evidence regarding qadar, that He created you, and among you are disbelievers and among you are believers. [التغابن : 2] that would have sufficed.” [كتاب القدر للفريابي : 290 وسنده صحيح، الشريعة للآجري ص226، 227 ح508 وسنده صحيح]

◈ Tawus the Tabi‘i said:
“I found a group among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and they used to say: Everything is by qadar.” [صحيح مسلم : 2655 وترقيم دار السلام : 6751]

◈ The Commander of the Faithful, ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz rahimahullah, asked Abu Suhail ibn Malik: What is your opinion about those who deny qadar? He replied: My opinion is that they should be made to repent; if they repent (it is accepted), otherwise they should be executed. ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz said: That is also my opinion. [موطأ امام مالك 2؍900 ح1730 وسنده صحيح]

◈ Regarding the Qadariyyah (those who deny qadar), our master ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar radi Allahu anhuma said:
“I disavow them and they disavow me. By Allah, even if they were to spend gold equal to Mount Uhud, it would not be accepted by Allah unless they believe in qadar.” [صحيح مسلم : 8، دار السلام : 93]
When a heretic sent salam to Ibn ‘Umar radi Allahu anhuma, he did not reply to his salam. See: [سنن الترمذي : 2152 وسنده حسن وقال الترمذي : ”هٰذا حديث حسن صحيح غريب“]

◈ Our master ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhuma said:
«العجز والكيس من القدر»
“Weakness and intelligence are by qadar.” [الشريعة للآجري ص213 ح448 وسنده صحيح]
There are many other such reports which clearly establish the doctrine of qadar.

◈ Imam Hasan al-Basri rahimahullah said:
«من كفر بالقدر فقد كفر بالإسلام»
“Whoever denies qadar has denied Islam.” [الشريعه ص217 ح462 وسنده صحيح]

◈ Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr and Salim ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar both used to curse the people of the Qadariyyah sect. [الشريعة ص223 ح492 وسنده صحيح]

◈ Imam Layth ibn Sa‘d al-Misri said regarding the denier of qadar that neither should he be visited when sick nor should one attend his funeral. [الشريعة للآجري ص227 ح509 وسنده صحيح]

➌ Imam Yahya ibn Sa‘id al-Qattan and Imam ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi rahimahumallah said:
«كل شيء بقدر» In «بقدر» the meaning is “writing and knowledge,” i.e., it is written and He knows it. [كتاب القدر للفريابي : 411 وسنده صحيح]

➍ The Imam of Ahl al-Sunnah, Abu ‘Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal, said:
«لا يصلي خلف القدرية والمعتزلة والجهمية»
“Do not pray behind the Qadariyyah, Mu‘tazilah, and Jahmiyyah (people of deviant sects).” [كتاب السنه لعبدالله بن أحمد : 833 وسنده صحيح]

➎ Fadl ibn ‘Isa al-Raqashi was a Qadari innovator, about whom Imam Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani rahimahullah said:
«لو ولد أخرس كان خيرا له»
“If he had been born mute, it would have been better for him.” [كتاب الضعفاء للبخاري : 306 وسنده صحيح، الجرح والتعديل 7؍64 وسنده صحيح]
One day, this Raqashi came to Muhammad ibn Ka‘b al-Qurazi (a Tabi‘i) and began to speak about qadar. Imam Qurazi said to him: Recite the tashahhud (the sermon testimony). When he reached «من يهده الله فلامضل له ومن يضلل فلا هادي له», he picked up his staff and struck Raqashi on the head and said: Get up (be gone). Then, when he left, he (Imam Qurazi) said (with insight and experience): This man will never retract his opinion. [السنة لعبدالله بن أحمد : 962 وسنده صحيح]

➏ Shaykh ‘Abd al-Muhsin al-‘Abbad al-Madani has written an excellent discussion on qadar, which the present writer has translated, and it has been published under the name “Sharh Hadith Jibril.”

◄ Mawlana Muhammad Yahya Gondalwi hafizahullah says: “Belief in qadar is an individual obligation (fard ‘ayn). Its denier is an innovator, and in some cases, even leaves the fold of Islam, because the Shari‘ah has made belief in qadar obligatory. Thus, its denial means denial of this aspect of the Shari‘ah.”

Meaning of Qadar: The meaning of qadar is to set a limit for something. In the legal (shar‘i) terminology, it means that Allah, the Exalted, wrote everything in the Mother of the Book (Umm al-Kitab, the Preserved Tablet – Lawh Mahfuz) fifty thousand years before creating it. His knowledge precedes the coming into existence of a thing; nothing, before or after its existence, is outside His knowledge. He alone has set every matter in the universe within its limits and principles; there is nothing which Allah, the Exalted, did not record and write before its creation and origination. [عقيده اهلحديث ص323]

Note:
Shaykh Abu Anas Muhammad Yahya ibn Muhammad Ya‘qub Gondalwi rahimahullah was born in November 1956 in Gondlanwala, District Gujranwala (Pakistan), and passed away on the night of 26th January 2009.
For detailed biography, see the monthly “Tarjuman al-Hadith” Faisalabad [ج42 شمارہ : 2] February 2009. May Allah forgive him and grant him a high station in Jannat al-Firdaws. (Ameen)