Ibn Majah

Hadith Commentary:
Those things which are for eating or drinking and are intoxicating, their use is forbidden (haram). Opium, madak, chandu, alcohol, etc.—all of these are included in this ruling.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
Those things which are for eating or drinking, when they are intoxicating, are forbidden (haram).
Opium, bhang, and charas, etc., are all included in this.
➋
That which, when consumed in large quantity, causes intoxication, then even its small amount is forbidden (haram).
➌
The juice or beverages mentioned in the hadith will be forbidden (haram) when they are intoxicating.
From this, it is understood that drinking nabidh made from dates, barley, honey, or corn, etc., is permissible provided that it is not intoxicating; if intoxication develops in them, then drinking them is forbidden (haram).

Hadith Commentary:
The narration of ‘Uqdi has been connected (mawsul) by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in the Book of Rulings, and the narration of Wahb has been connected by Ishaq ibn Rahwayh. The narration of Waki‘ has been connected by Imam Bukhari rahimahullah in the Book of Jihad, and the narration of Abu Dawud Tayalisi has been connected by Imam Nasa’i, and the narration of Nadr has been connected by Imam Bukhari in the Book of Manners.
The intent of Imam Bukhari is that Waki‘, Nadr, and Abu Dawud narrated this hadith from Shu‘bah in a connected (mawsul) form, while Muslim ibn Ibrahim, ‘Uqdi, and Jarir narrated it in a disconnected (mursal) form.
There are specific instructions in this for preachers (muballighin): that they should not cause people to become averse, nor present difficult matters before them, and that they should work together in mutual cooperation.
May Allah grant this ability.
Amin, O Lord of the worlds. However, nowadays such preachers are very few.
Except those whom Allah wills.

Hadith Commentary:
➊
The word (أَتَفَوَّق) is derived from "fawaq" of a she-camel. The meaning is that I recite the Qur'an continuously, day and night, at intervals. Thus, "fawaq naaqah" is when the milk of a she-camel is taken once, then she is left so that the remaining milk descends, and then her milk is taken again. In this way, her milk is extracted at intervals.
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (radi Allahu anhu) used to recite the Qur'an in this manner and made it his regular practice, whereas Mu'adh ibn Jabal (radi Allahu anhu) had fixed portions of the night, some for sleep and some for recitation of the Qur'an.
In short, their sleep was also for the purpose that it would assist them in standing (for prayer).
Sleeping with this intention is also an act of worship.
➋
It should be clear that gentleness does not mean being lenient in the prescribed punishments (hudud) and retribution (qisas), but rather gentleness in worldly and administrative matters, because regarding the hudud, the statement of Allah, the Exalted, is:
"And let not pity for the two (man and woman) seize you concerning Allah’s religion, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day." () (al-Nur: 2: 24)
➌
There is a special instruction in this for preachers, that they should not make people averse, nor present difficult and harsh matters before them. They should work together in harmony, live with unity and agreement, and accept each other's words. However, nowadays such preachers are very few.

Hadith Commentary:
Any intoxicant, whatever form it may take, is prohibited.

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
A‘utiya jawāmi‘ al-kalim bikhātamihi:
Extremely concise words that encompass a vast range of meanings and concepts,
Nothing is excluded from them,
That is, he was granted words that are both comprehensive and exclusive.

Hadith Footnote:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
Mizr:
This is an intoxicating drink prepared from corn, barley, or wheat.

The intention of Hazrat Ata was that the vessel itself does not render anything lawful or unlawful. If the drink is intoxicating, then it is prohibited regardless of the vessel in which it is prepared, and if it is not intoxicating, then it is lawful, no matter in which vessel it is prepared.

(1) Abu Musa al-Ash'ari radi Allahu anhu himself was Yemeni, therefore he was well acquainted with the beverages of that region.

(2) The foods and drinks of every region are different. People from other regions are not familiar with them, which is why the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had to ask about “bit’” and “mizr,” because every region has its own terminology. This is not something objectionable.

(3) The meaning of “mizr” is given as an intoxicating drink made from corn and barley. In Sharh Muslim, Imam Nawawi rahimahullah states that this drink is also made from wheat.

(4) “I have declared it unlawful”—that is, by the command of Allah Ta’ala, because the authority to declare something lawful or unlawful belongs to Allah Ta’ala. Whether He informs through revelation (wahy) or through indirect revelation (wahy khafi).