Ibn Majah

Partnership in a Camel:

Up to ten partners can share in one camel, as it is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma that we, along with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, during a journey on the occasion of Eid al-Adha, shared one camel among ten people and one cow among seven people.

[مسند الامام احمد : ٢٤٨٨، السنن الكبري للنسائي : ٤١٢٣، ٤٣٩٢، ٤٤٨٢، جامع ترمذي : ٩٠٥، سنن ابن ما جه : ٣١٣١، المستدرك للحا كم : ٤/٢٣٠، السنن الكبري للبيهقي : مشكل الآثار للطحاوي : ٣/٢٤٥، شرح السنة للبغوي : ١١٣٢، وسنده حسن]

Imam al-Tirmidhi has graded this hadith as “hasan gharib,” Imam Ibn Hibban (4007) has declared it “sahih,” and Imam al-Hakim has said it is “sahih according to the conditions of al-Bukhari.” Hafiz al-Dhahabi rahimahullah has agreed with them.

From this authentic hadith, it is established that ten people can share in one camel. In contrast to this, there is another narration: Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah radi Allahu anhuma says that in the year of Hudaybiyyah, we offered sacrifice with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and one camel was slaughtered on behalf of seven people, and one cow was also slaughtered on behalf of seven people. [صحيح مسلم : ١/٤٢٤، ح : ١٣١٨]

If this hadith is understood to refer to “hady” (the sacrificial animal taken to Mina), then the contradiction with the hadith of Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhuma is resolved; that is, in Mina, the pilgrims will share one camel among seven people, whereas other people can slaughter one camel on behalf of ten people.

Explanation:
1:
The rule and principle that a cow may be slaughtered on behalf of seven individuals and a camel on behalf of ten individuals applies to sacrificial animals (udhiyah/qurbani).
However, for animals offered as hady (hadi) — whether camels or cows — seven individuals will participate in each.
This is established ahead by the narration of Jabir radi Allahu anhu.

Benefits and Issues:
The aforementioned narration has been declared weak in its chain of transmission by our esteemed researcher, whereas other scholars have deemed it authentic, and their opinion appears to be closer to correctness.
And Allah knows best.
Therefore, despite the aforementioned narration being weak in its chain, it is actionable and authoritative due to other supporting evidences and corroborations.
For further details, see: (Da‘eef Sunan Abi Dawood (Mufassal) by Al-Albani under hadith: 325 and Sunan Ibn Majah, verified by Dr. Bashar Awwad, no. 3134)

It is understood that sacrifice (qurbani) should be performed during travel just as it is performed at home. It should be remembered that only one sacrifice is obligatory for an entire household, not for each individual. A cow suffices on behalf of seven households, and a camel suffices on behalf of ten households. By "household" is meant the husband, wife, and children, or those individuals who are under the care of a single head (father). However, a married man will be considered a separate household, provided he is self-sufficient. If he is not self-sufficient and remains under the authority of his father, then all of them will be counted as one family.