Ibn Majah

Hadith Commentary:
The content of the hadith does not require any further explanation.
The honor of a believer is indeed a matter of great importance; it is as if his honor and sanctity hold the same status as the city of Makkah. Thus, dishonoring him is equivalent to dishonoring the sacred city of Makkah.
The unjust shedding of a believer’s blood is equal to demolishing the Sacred Ka‘bah, yet how many people are there who actually take heed of these matters?
In the light of this hadith, one feels immense regret over the mutual state of the Muslims.
At this point, the pious-hearted Muslims who are studying Sahih al-Bukhari should also remember that Umar radi Allahu anhu, standing before the Sacred Ka‘bah, said: “Indeed, the Ka‘bah is an honored house; there is no doubt about its sanctity. However, the honor and sanctity of a believer and a Muslim is also a very great matter, and whoever dishonors a Muslim is equal to one who demolishes the Sacred Ka‘bah.”
In the Noble Qur’an, Allah has said: إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِخْوَةٌ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَ أَخَوَيْكُمْ — “The believers are but brothers, so make reconciliation between your brothers.” ()
Thus, if there is any discord among you, then make peace and reconciliation between them.
In a hadith, reconciling between people has been described as a deed even greater than voluntary prayers and fasts.
Therefore, it is the most important duty of the brothers and sisters who are studying this to maintain mutual love and affection, and if any displeasure arises among them, they should resolve and remove it. In the Qur’an, it is mentioned as a sign of the people of Paradise that they are those who swallow their anger and forgive people for their mistakes.
Just as it is necessary to pay attention to the issues of prayer and fasting, it is equally necessary to pay attention to such matters and to increase mutual love and affection.
Brotherhood and fraternity should be promoted.
Harboring envy and malice in the hearts is not the characteristic of true Muslims.

Hadith Commentary:
To shed the innocent blood of a Muslim, to unjustly seize his wealth, and to attack his honor and dignity are grave crimes; in fact, even considering these matters insignificant is not liked in the Shariah.

The noble statement of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is:
“It is enough of an evil for a Muslim that he considers another Muslim insignificant.
Allah, the Exalted, has made the blood, wealth, and honor of a Muslim unlawful for another Muslim.”
(Sahih Muslim, al-Birr wa al-Silah, Hadith: 6541(2564))

According to the aforementioned hadith, the honor and dignity of a Muslim is equal in sanctity to the sanctity of the city of Makkah.
If only Muslims would pay heed to these matters and learn to respect one another.
And Allah is the One whose help is sought.

Hadith Commentary:
This hadith makes it evident how great is the status of a Muslim in the sight of Allah. It is an important duty of every Muslim to take this into consideration.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
The meaning of the hadith is that a believer’s back is protected from all forms of harm, but if a legal punishment (hadd) becomes obligatory upon him, then it is not protected.
Similarly, if someone has a right due upon him, then his back may be struck in order to recover that right. Other than this, a believer’s blood, wealth, and honor are protected.
No one has the right to consider his life or wealth as permissible and lawful for themselves, nor to deem his honor as permissible for themselves.
From this, it is understood that the status of a Muslim is very high in the sight of Allah, and it is an important duty for every Muslim to observe this regard.
(Fath al-Bari: 12/104) (2)
“Do not become disbelievers after me”—the commentators have explained several meanings of this phrase:
➊ To consider the killing of anyone without right as lawful is disbelief (kufr).
➋ It refers to ingratitude for blessings (kufran ni‘mah).
➌ This act brings one close to disbelief.
➍ This act is like the act of the disbelievers.
➎ By this, actual disbelief is intended, i.e., do not disbelieve and always remain firm upon Islam.
➏ This phrase is for those who arm themselves and cover themselves with weapons; the one who raises weapons is called a disbeliever (kafir).
Do not call each other disbelievers, otherwise you will begin to kill one another.
Among all these statements, the fourth opinion is the most plausible.
(‘Umdat al-Qari: 16/66)

Hadith Commentary:
Hajj Akbar refers to the major pilgrimage (Hajj), and Hajj Asghar refers to the minor pilgrimage (Umrah). The notion that is widespread among the common people—that if the ninth (of Dhul-Hijjah) falls on a Friday, then that is Hajj Akbar—has no basis in any authentic hadith. However, there are a few weak narrations regarding the increased virtue of the Hajj in which the ninth falls on a Friday.

Some have said that "Yawm al-Hajj al-Asghar" refers to the ninth (of Dhul-Hijjah), and "Yawm al-Hajj al-Akbar" refers to the tenth (of Dhul-Hijjah), because it was during these days that the following Surah was revealed to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam):
﴿إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ﴾
and the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) understood that his departure from this world was near, and that such a gathering would not be possible again. And this is exactly what happened afterward.
In this is evidence for the one who says that "Yawm al-Hajj al-Akbar" refers to the Day of Sacrifice (the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah). Thus, the notion that is widespread among the common people—that if Hajj falls on a Friday, it is called Hajj Akbar—is not a strong opinion.

The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in the mentioned sermon emphasized the greatness of the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr), the month of Dhul-Hijjah, and the Sacred City (Makkah al-Mukarramah).
That is, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) in this sermon drew attention to the sanctity of the Day of Sacrifice, the month of Dhul-Hijjah, and Makkah al-Mukarramah, so that the Ummah would remember these sacred things, and that the advice and exhortations given by the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would never be forgotten by the Ummah.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s purpose in mentioning these ahadith is to show that delivering a sermon (khutbah) during the days of Mina is legislated (mashru‘).
(2)
Although these ahadith mention the sermon of the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah, other ahadith indicate that whenever the need arose during the days of Tashriq, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam delivered a sermon, as in some narrations the words “the middle day of the days of Tashriq” appear; by this is meant the 11th or 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
In this sermon, the greatness of the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr), the month of Dhu al-Hijjah, and the sanctity of Makkah Mukarramah are mentioned.
The Ummah was warned about this so that they would not forget it; then, in it, there were also questions and answers from the people regarding Hajj.
The noble Companions radi Allahu anhum referred to these teachings as a sermon (khutbah).
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said on that very day:
“Learn from me the rites of Hajj.”
(3)
There are also narrations from Hurmās ibn Ziyād, Abu Umāmah, Mu‘ādh, and Rāfi‘ ibn ‘Amr radi Allahu anhum that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam delivered a sermon on the Day of Mina, the 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
This magnificent sermon is considered the foundation of Islam, and it is quite lengthy, which various Companions radi Allahu anhum have narrated in different wordings.
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah’s purpose is not to detail the contents of the sermon, but rather to establish that delivering a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice is also Sunnah.
And Allah knows best.
(4)
In the narration of Abu Nadrah, the sermon of the middle day of the days of Tashriq is reported in these words, he said:
“O people! Beware! Your Lord is One and your father is one.
Beware! No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab, nor does a red-skinned person have superiority over a black-skinned person, nor does a black-skinned person have superiority over a red-skinned person.
If there is any superiority, it is only on the basis of piety (taqwa).
Have I conveyed the message?”
The Companions radi Allahu anhum said:
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has conveyed it.
(Musnad Ahmad: 411/5)
(5)
From the aforementioned ahadith, it is understood that three sermons are legislated during Hajj:
• On the Day of ‘Arafah, 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
• On the Day of Sacrifice (Nahr), 10th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
• In the middle of the days of Tashriq, 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah.