Ibn Majah

Commentary:
Benefits and Issues:

➊
The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah took place in Dhu al-Qa'dah, 6 AH.
One of its conditions was that the Muslims would not enter Makkah that year but would return instead.
The following year, the Muslims would come to perform ‘umrah and would not stay in Makkah for more than three days.

➋
According to this condition, two thousand men, along with some women and children, reached Makkah with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam for ‘umrah in Dhu al-Qa'dah, 7 AH. (Fath al-Bari: 7/627)

➌
The noble Companions radi Allahu anhum performed ramal (brisk walking) on three sides of the Ka‘bah during tawaf, and walked at a normal pace on the fourth side.
The reason for this was that the polytheists of Makkah had come out of their homes and sat on Mount Qaiqan to the north of the Ka‘bah.
The Muslims appeared to them to be running energetically on three sides of the Ka‘bah.
On the fourth side, the Muslims were hidden by the Sacred Ka‘bah and thus were not visible to them.

➍
Muslims should, in every respect, maintain their awe and dominance over the disbelievers so that the disbelievers do not even think of oppressing them.

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: In the circumambulation (tawaf) of ‘Umrah and the arrival circumambulation (tawaf al-qudum), in the first three circuits from the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) to the Black Stone, performing raml (walking briskly with shoulders moving) is established from the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam according to the majority, which includes the four Imams, therefore it is Sunnah. However, raml and idtiba‘ (uncovering the right shoulder) are only for men, not for women.

The reason for its initiation is the same as what Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhu has mentioned, but when it was prescribed to show the polytheists, it was performed from the Black Stone to the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), and not from the Yemeni Corner to the Black Stone. Thus, the circuit was not complete. Later, on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada‘), the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam performed raml from the Black Stone to the Black Stone, and for this reason, the position of Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhu was not accepted by the Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in, the Followers (Tabi‘in) rahimahumullah, or any of the Imams. Yes, some of the Followers, such as Tawus, ‘Ata’, Hasan al-Basri rahimahumullah, Sa‘id ibn Jubayr and others, held that raml is from the Black Stone to the Yemeni Corner.

Similarly, the statement of Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhu that those who consider performing sa‘i (the ritual walk) between Safa and Marwah while riding as Sunnah are both correct and incorrect, its purpose is that generally, sa‘i is performed on foot, and this is what is superior. However, due to an excuse or necessity, performing it while riding is also Sunnah. But to declare it as a general Sunnah is not correct.

1885. Commentary:
➊ In the first three circuits of the arrival circumambulation (tawaf al-qudum), moving the shoulders and jogging slowly is called "raml." And this is an established Sunnah. After the tawaf al-qudum, this act is not established in any other tawaf. Also, there is no raml for women.

➋ The original basis for the legislation of raml is precisely what has been mentioned in the narrations of Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu. However, to say that this is not a Sunnah is questionable; this is his own opinion. And perhaps by this, he means the negation of an obligatory Sunnah (sunnah wajibah). And in reality, this act is Sunnah and recommended (mustahabb). If someone misses it, it is not permissible to make up for it in the last four circuits. (Nayl al-Awtar) If this act were time-bound, it would not have been practiced in subsequent ‘umrahs and in the Farewell Pilgrimage (hajjat al-wada‘). The compensatory ‘umrah (‘umrah al-qada) took place in the 7th year of Hijrah, in which raml was initiated. Then, in the 8th year of Hijrah, during the ‘umrah of Ji‘ranah, the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum ajma‘in also performed raml. And this is the narration of Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu himself, which has been mentioned above (hadith 1884). Thereafter, in the 10th year of Hijrah, this act is also established in the Farewell Pilgrimage (hajjat al-wada‘). And performing tawaf and sa‘i while mounted is undoubtedly based on necessity, because people were clinging to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, not moving away from him, and it was not pleasing to the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam to forcefully push them away or remove them, so he mounted (his animal) so that he could teach them the rites of Hajj, explain the issues to them, and so that people could observe his actions.

Benefit:
In this hadith, the mention of "raml" during the circumambulation (tawaf) of the House of Allah (Baytullah) is found; this is performed in the first three circuits. [صـحـيـح البـخـاري : 1508] By "raml" is meant "walking briskly with the shoulders moving." Initially, its purpose was to display strength to the polytheists, but later it became a permanent Sunnah of tawaf. [صحيح البخاري : 1508- صحيح مسلم : 2610]