سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الجهادThe Chapters on Jihad
بَابُ : وَصِيَّةِ الإِمَامِChapter: Order of the leader
Hadith 2858
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ ، عَنْ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَمَّرَ رَجُلًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ فِي خَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ ، بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا ، فَقَالَ : " اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ ، وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ ، اغْزُوا وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا ، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تَمْثُلُوا ، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا ، وَإِذَا أَنْتَ لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِلَالٍ أَوْ خِصَالٍ ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ، ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ ، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ، وَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْءٌ ، إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَسَلْهُمْ إِعْطَاءَ الْجِزْيَةِ ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ ، وَإِنْ حَاصَرْتَ حِصْنًا فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّكَ فَلَا تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَلَا ذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّكَ ، وَلَكِنْ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ ، وَذِمَّةَ أَبِيكَ ، وَذِمَّةَ أَصْحَابِكَ ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّتَكُمْ وَذِمَّةَ آبَائِكُمْ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ ، مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ ، وَإِنْ حَاصَرْتَ حِصْنًا فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ ، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ فِيهِمْ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ أَمْ لَا ؟ " ، قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ : فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ مُقَاتِلَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ ، فَقَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ هَيْصَمٍ ، عَنْ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ .
Buraidah (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) appointed someone as commander over a military detachment, he would personally advise him to fear Allah and to treat his fellow Muslims well, and he would say: "Fight in the way of Allah in the name of Allah, fight those who disbelieve in Allah, do not be treacherous, do not commit breach of trust (regarding the spoils of war), do not mutilate, and do not kill any child. When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, invite them to three things. Whichever of these they accept, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. (First of all) invite them to Islam. If they accept, then accept their Islam and refrain from killing them. Then invite them to leave their homes and dwell with the Muhajirun, and inform them that if they do so, they will have the same rights as the Muhajirun, and the same law of crime and punishment will apply to them as applies to the Muhajirun. If they refuse to migrate, then inform them that their status will be like that of the Bedouin Muslims, and the commands of Allah that apply to Muslims will also apply to them, but they will have no share in the spoils of war or in the wealth acquired from the disbelievers without fighting, unless they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse to accept Islam, then demand the payment of jizyah from them. If they agree to pay jizyah, accept it from them and refrain from fighting them. If they refuse, then seek help from Allah (for victory) and fight them. If you besiege a fortress and its people want you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, do not grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, but grant them your own protection, or that of your father and your companions, for you can break your own protection or that of your father more easily than you can break the protection of Allah and His Messenger. If you besiege a fortress and they want to surrender on the judgment of Allah, do not let them surrender on the judgment of Allah, but let them surrender on your own judgment, for you do not know whether you will be able to carry out Allah's judgment regarding them or not." ‘Alqamah says: I narrated this hadith to Muqatil bin Hayyan, and he said: Muslim bin Hizam narrated it to me, and Muslim narrated it from Nu’man bin Muqarrin (may Allah be pleased with him), and he narrated it from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the same manner.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The Commander of the Believers should address the military expedition at the time of dispatch and give them appropriate instructions.
➋
Although piety (taqwa) and sincerity (ikhlas) are necessary in every action, their importance is even greater in jihad, because it is an act in which the lives of Allah’s servants are taken and wealth is seized.
If the handling of others’ lives and wealth is not for the pleasure of Allah, then there can be no greater injustice than this.
➌
The primary objective in jihad is not to kill people, but rather to encourage people to accept the true religion or to remove obstacles from the path of those who wish to accept it. Therefore, if a disbeliever accepts Islam, this is also correct, because in this way he is deprived of the power to prevent others from accepting Islam.
➍
There are certain issues in which there is a difference between Muslims who have migrated (muhajirun) and those who have not migrated.
➎
Migration (hijrah) is from the territory of non-Muslims to the dominion of Muslims.
➏
The mujahideen can grant protection (aman) to non-Muslims.
➐
When granting protection, it should be done on one’s personal responsibility.
It is not correct to say that the protection is on the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger.
➑
It is permissible to besiege the enemy’s fortress during war.
➒
If those besieged are willing to accept the decision of the Muslim commander and to lay down their arms, then their demand should be accepted and they should be treated appropriately as prisoners of war.
➓
Depending on the circumstances, it is permissible to release prisoners of war for ransom or without ransom.
➊
The Commander of the Believers should address the military expedition at the time of dispatch and give them appropriate instructions.
➋
Although piety (taqwa) and sincerity (ikhlas) are necessary in every action, their importance is even greater in jihad, because it is an act in which the lives of Allah’s servants are taken and wealth is seized.
If the handling of others’ lives and wealth is not for the pleasure of Allah, then there can be no greater injustice than this.
➌
The primary objective in jihad is not to kill people, but rather to encourage people to accept the true religion or to remove obstacles from the path of those who wish to accept it. Therefore, if a disbeliever accepts Islam, this is also correct, because in this way he is deprived of the power to prevent others from accepting Islam.
➍
There are certain issues in which there is a difference between Muslims who have migrated (muhajirun) and those who have not migrated.
➎
Migration (hijrah) is from the territory of non-Muslims to the dominion of Muslims.
➏
The mujahideen can grant protection (aman) to non-Muslims.
➐
When granting protection, it should be done on one’s personal responsibility.
It is not correct to say that the protection is on the responsibility of Allah and His Messenger.
➑
It is permissible to besiege the enemy’s fortress during war.
➒
If those besieged are willing to accept the decision of the Muslim commander and to lay down their arms, then their demand should be accepted and they should be treated appropriately as prisoners of war.
➓
Depending on the circumstances, it is permissible to release prisoners of war for ransom or without ransom.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2858
