سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الجهادThe Chapters on Jihad
بَابُ : فِدَاءِ الأُسَارَىChapter: Ransoming prisoners
Hadith 2846
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيل ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " غَزَوْنَا مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ هَوَازِنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَفَّلَنِي جَارِيَةً مِنْ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ الْعَرَبِ عَلَيْهَا ، قَشْعٌ لَهَا فَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا عَنْ ثَوْبٍ ، حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي السُّوقِ ، فَقَالَ : " لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ ! هَبْهَا لِي " ، فَوَهَبْتُهَا لَهُ ، فَبَعَثَ بِهَا فَفَادَى بِهَا أُسَارَى مِنْ أُسَارَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا بِمَكَّةَ " .
´It was narrated from Ayas bin Salamah bin Akwa’ that his father said:` “We attacked, Hawazin at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) with Aby Bakr. He awarded me a slave girl from Banu Fazarah, among the most beautiful of the Arabs, who was wearing an animal skin of hers. I did not divest her of her clothing until I reached Al-Madinah. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) met me in the marketplace, and said: ‘By Alla, give her to me.’ So I gave her to him, and he sent her as a ransom for some of the Muslim prisoners who were in Makkah.”
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The spoils of war (mal-e-ghanimat) are distributed equally among all the combatants; however, those who demonstrate superior performance may be given an additional reward apart from this, which is called nafl (supererogatory reward).
➋ The Imam (caliph or commander) may take back a reward given to a combatant if there is a significant benefit in doing so.
➌ It is permissible to free disbeliever prisoners in exchange for freeing Muslim prisoners; that is, the exchange of prisoners between Muslims and disbelievers is legally valid according to the Shari‘ah.
➊ The spoils of war (mal-e-ghanimat) are distributed equally among all the combatants; however, those who demonstrate superior performance may be given an additional reward apart from this, which is called nafl (supererogatory reward).
➋ The Imam (caliph or commander) may take back a reward given to a combatant if there is a significant benefit in doing so.
➌ It is permissible to free disbeliever prisoners in exchange for freeing Muslim prisoners; that is, the exchange of prisoners between Muslims and disbelievers is legally valid according to the Shari‘ah.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2846
Shaykh Maulana Abdul Aziz Alvi
Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Shanna al-gharah:
A forceful attack was launched on them from all sides.
‘Unuq:
A group.
(2)
Qash‘:
An old sheepskin (leather shirt).
(3)
Ma kashafa laha thawban:
That is, I did not take any pleasure from her nor did I establish relations with her.
(4)
Lillah abuk:
When a son performs a praiseworthy deed, this phrase is used for praise and commendation.
Benefits and Issues:
The commander of the army in this battle against Banu Fazarah was Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, but Zayd ibn Harithah radi Allahu anhu was also present as a commander due to his familiarity with the region. Therefore, this expedition is also referred to as the Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah radi Allahu anhu. The expedition took place in 7 AH, and among the captives, a beautiful girl was given as a reward to Salamah ibn Akwa‘ radi Allahu anhu. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam requested her from Salamah radi Allahu anhu for the benefit and welfare of the Muslims, so that she could be given as ransom in exchange for Muslim captives and thus secure their release. From this, it is understood that it is permissible to give a disbeliever captive as ransom to free Muslim captives, and it is permissible to separate an adult daughter from her mother. This is a unanimously agreed upon issue. This girl was given to the people of Makkah and ended up in the hands of Hazn ibn Abi Wahb, because at that time he was a disbeliever. After the conquest of Makkah, he became Muslim.
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Shanna al-gharah:
A forceful attack was launched on them from all sides.
‘Unuq:
A group.
(2)
Qash‘:
An old sheepskin (leather shirt).
(3)
Ma kashafa laha thawban:
That is, I did not take any pleasure from her nor did I establish relations with her.
(4)
Lillah abuk:
When a son performs a praiseworthy deed, this phrase is used for praise and commendation.
Benefits and Issues:
The commander of the army in this battle against Banu Fazarah was Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, but Zayd ibn Harithah radi Allahu anhu was also present as a commander due to his familiarity with the region. Therefore, this expedition is also referred to as the Expedition of Zayd ibn Harithah radi Allahu anhu. The expedition took place in 7 AH, and among the captives, a beautiful girl was given as a reward to Salamah ibn Akwa‘ radi Allahu anhu. The Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam requested her from Salamah radi Allahu anhu for the benefit and welfare of the Muslims, so that she could be given as ransom in exchange for Muslim captives and thus secure their release. From this, it is understood that it is permissible to give a disbeliever captive as ransom to free Muslim captives, and it is permissible to separate an adult daughter from her mother. This is a unanimously agreed upon issue. This girl was given to the people of Makkah and ended up in the hands of Hazn ibn Abi Wahb, because at that time he was a disbeliever. After the conquest of Makkah, he became Muslim.
Source: Tuhfat al-Muslim: Commentary on Sahih Muslim, Page: 4573
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊
Additional rewards (supererogatory spoils) are given to the mujahid before the extraction of the khums (one-fifth share).
➋
If the captives are of advanced age,
then even among close relatives, separation can be made.
➌
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not like to take the wealth of any Muslim without the consent of his guardian.
➍
Intercourse with slave women is permissible,
even if they are polytheists,
but only after istibra’ (waiting for one menstrual cycle).
➎
Muslim captives should be freed by whatever means possible.
➊
Additional rewards (supererogatory spoils) are given to the mujahid before the extraction of the khums (one-fifth share).
➋
If the captives are of advanced age,
then even among close relatives, separation can be made.
➌
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not like to take the wealth of any Muslim without the consent of his guardian.
➍
Intercourse with slave women is permissible,
even if they are polytheists,
but only after istibra’ (waiting for one menstrual cycle).
➎
Muslim captives should be freed by whatever means possible.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2697
