سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الصدقاتThe Chapters on Charity
بَابُ : أَدَاءِ الدَّيْنِ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِChapter: Paying A Debt On Behalf Of The Deceased
Hadith 2433
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ الْأَطْوَلِ ، أَنَّ أَخَاهُ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ثَلَاثَ مِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَتَرَكَ عِيَالًا فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أُنْفِقَهَا عَلَى عِيَالِهِ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ :" إِنَّ أَخَاكَ مُحْتَبَسٌ بِدَيْنِهِ ، فَاقْضِ عَنْهُ " ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ أَدَّيْتُ عَنْهُ إِلَّا دِينَارَيْنِ ، ادَّعَتْهُمَا امْرَأَةٌ وَلَيْسَ لَهَا بَيِّنَةٌ ، قَالَ : " فَأَعْطِهَا فَإِنَّهَا مُحِقَّةٌ " .
´It was narrated from Sa'd bin Atwal that :` his brother died, leaving behind three hundred Dirham and dependents. “I wanted to spend (his money) on his dependents, but the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Your brother is being detained by his debt, so pay it off for him.'” He said “O Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I have paid it off apart from two Dinar, which a woman is claiming but she has no proof.” He said: “Give them to her for she is telling the truth.”
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
Spending on wife and children means that the wealth should be handed over to them or their needs should be fulfilled from it, because in the inheritance of the deceased, the wife has a fixed share, and what remains after that belongs to the children.
➋
Certain individuals have fixed shares in inheritance. After giving them their shares, the remaining wealth goes to the close relatives. They are called ‘asaba (agnates). Among the ‘asaba, the son takes precedence over the brother.
➌
The distribution of inheritance takes place after the repayment of debts.
➍
The woman claimed that the deceased owed her two dinars. Sa’d bin Atwal radi Allahu anhu, for his own satisfaction, asked for evidence, but the woman did not have any. To avoid such difficulties, it has been commanded that debt transactions should be put in writing and witnesses should be appointed.
➎
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam came to know through revelation that the woman’s claim was correct, so the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave her the two dinars.
➏
If a debt is not paid, the deceased is detained by Allah, but this detention is only a barrier to entering Paradise; it does not make him deserving of Hellfire because of it. And Allah knows best.
➊
Spending on wife and children means that the wealth should be handed over to them or their needs should be fulfilled from it, because in the inheritance of the deceased, the wife has a fixed share, and what remains after that belongs to the children.
➋
Certain individuals have fixed shares in inheritance. After giving them their shares, the remaining wealth goes to the close relatives. They are called ‘asaba (agnates). Among the ‘asaba, the son takes precedence over the brother.
➌
The distribution of inheritance takes place after the repayment of debts.
➍
The woman claimed that the deceased owed her two dinars. Sa’d bin Atwal radi Allahu anhu, for his own satisfaction, asked for evidence, but the woman did not have any. To avoid such difficulties, it has been commanded that debt transactions should be put in writing and witnesses should be appointed.
➎
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam came to know through revelation that the woman’s claim was correct, so the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam gave her the two dinars.
➏
If a debt is not paid, the deceased is detained by Allah, but this detention is only a barrier to entering Paradise; it does not make him deserving of Hellfire because of it. And Allah knows best.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2433
