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سنن ابن ماجه
Ibn Majah
كتاب الصدقاتThe Chapters on Charity
بَابُ : مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيَاعًا فَعَلَى اللَّهِ وَعَلَى رَسُولِهِChapter: If A Man Leaves Behind A Debt Or Children, Then Allah (SWT) And His Messenger Are Respon
Hadith 2415
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ فَيَسْأَلُ : " هَلْ تَرَكَ لِدَيْنِهِ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ ؟ " ، فَإِنْ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ . وَإِنْ قَالُوا : لَا ، قَالَ : " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ " فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْفُتُوحَ قَالَ : " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَمَنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَعَلَيَّ قَضَاؤُهُ ، وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَهُوَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ " .
´It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that:` if a believer died at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he had debts, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would ask: “Did he leave anything with which to off his debt?” If they said yes, then he would offer the funeral prayer for him, but if they said no, then he would say: “Pray for your companion.” When Allah granted his Prophet (ﷺ) the conquests, he said: “I am nearer to the believers than their own selves. Whoever dies owing a debt, I will pay it off for him, and whoever leaves behind wealth, it will be for his heirs.”
Related hadith on this topic
Brief Explanation
1؎ : In the early period of Islam, when there was a scarcity of wealth and resources, if someone died while in debt, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would not perform his funeral prayer. He would instruct the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum to perform it instead. Later, when Allah Ta'ala granted victories and spoils of war became available, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam declared that now, if any Muslim dies in debt, he (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) would pay off his debt. Similarly, if someone left behind helpless children, their upbringing would also be his (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) responsibility.
Explanation & Benefits
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The fact that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not perform the funeral prayer for a person in debt was for the purpose of admonition.
➋ The Islamic government should provide financial assistance to those indebted individuals who are unable to repay their debts.
➌ If a person dies in debt and his heirs are destitute and unable to pay, it is the duty of the Islamic government to pay the creditors from the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal).
➍ The care of the destitute, orphans, and those unable to work is the responsibility of the Islamic government.
➎ For further benefits, see Hadith: 2407.
➊ The fact that the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not perform the funeral prayer for a person in debt was for the purpose of admonition.
➋ The Islamic government should provide financial assistance to those indebted individuals who are unable to repay their debts.
➌ If a person dies in debt and his heirs are destitute and unable to pay, it is the duty of the Islamic government to pay the creditors from the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal).
➍ The care of the destitute, orphans, and those unable to work is the responsibility of the Islamic government.
➎ For further benefits, see Hadith: 2407.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2415
